发布时间 : 星期二 文章新视野大学英语第三版第四册课文翻译更新完毕开始阅读00dcc53f4531b90d6c85ec3a87c24028915f85a4
史密斯在越南战场上服役两期，完成了两百多次飞行任务。“在军队中，领导力意味着能使团队中所有成员将个人的期望与抱负置于从属地位，而以实现集体目标为重，”史密斯说道，这其中融合了他军旅生涯和经营管理的经验。“而优秀的领导力对控制一个公司的盈亏底线来说具有相当重要的作用。”
8 Home from Vietnam, Smith became fascinated by the notion that if you connected all the points of a network through an intermediary hub, the streamlined efficiency could be enormous compared to other disjointed, decentralized businesses, whether the system involved moving packages and letters or people and planes. He decided to take a stab at starting his own business. With an investment from his father's company, as well as a chunk of his own inheritance, Smith bought his first delivery planes and in 1971 formed the Federal Express. 从越南战场回国后，史密斯开始执着于这样一个理念，即如果能将某个运输网络的各个节点通过一个中介枢纽相互连接，其效率较之其他各环节相互之间无联系的分散经营的模式来说要高出许多，不论这一系统所涉及的是运送包裹和信件还是人员和飞机。他决定放手一搏，创建自己的企业。史密斯用父亲公司的投资和他自己继承财产的一部分购买了第一架快递飞机，并于1971年创建了联邦快递。
9 The early days were underscored by extreme frugality and financial losses. It was not uncommon for FedEx drivers to pay for gasoline for their vans out of their own pockets. But despite such problems, Smith showed concern for the welfare of his employees. Just as he recalled, even when they didn't have the money, even when there weren't couches in the office and electric typewriters, they still set the precedent to ensure a good medical and dental plan for their people.
最初的日子伴随着极度的拮据乃至财务损失。联邦快递公司的司机自己掏腰包为货车付汽油费的情况屡见不鲜。但是，尽管面对这样的问题，史密斯仍然为公司雇员的福利着想。正如他所回忆的那样，即使在他们公司没有钱、办公室没有沙发和打字机的情况下，他们仍然开辟先例，保证员工享受很好的医疗和牙齿保健福利。
10 Along the way, FedEx pioneered centralization and the \and spoke\system, which has since been adopted by almost all major airlines. The phrase FedEx it has become a fixture in our language as much as Xerox or Google.
一路走来，联邦快递率先践行了集中调控和\轴辐式\空中交通系统。自它以后，该系统被几乎所有大航空公司所采纳。而“联邦快递一下”也成为了像“复印一下”或“谷歌一下”这样的固定说法，成为了我们的词汇。
11 Smith says success in business boils down to three things. First, you need to have appealing product or service and a compelling strategy. Then you need to have an efficient management system. Assuming you have those things, leading a team is the single most important issue in running an organization today.
史密斯说生意上的成功归根结底就是三点：首先你需要一项吸引人的产品或服务以及一套制胜的战略；其次你需要一套高效的管理系统；在拥有这些之后，如何领导好一个团队就是当今经营一家公司最为重要的事了。
12 Although Smith avoids the media and the trappings of public life, he is said to be a friendly
and accessible employer. He values his people and never takes them for granted. He reportedly visits FedEx's Memphis site at night from time to time and addresses sorters by name. For years he extended an offer to any courier with 10 years of service to come to Memphis for an \Smith says, \P-S-P philosophy is like an unbroken circle or chain. There are no clearly definable points of entry or exit. Each link upholds the others and is, in turn, supported by them.\In articulating this philosophy and in personally involving himself in its implementation, Frederick Smith is the forerunner of the new sphere of leadership that success in the future will demand. 尽管史密斯回避媒体采访和公众生活的荣耀，但他却被称为是一位友善而平易近人的雇主。他重视自己的雇员，从不认为他们理所应当该为自己工作。有报道称，他会时不时在晚上造访联邦快递位于孟菲斯的基地，并且称名道姓地与包裹分拣人员打招呼。他会主动发邀请给任何一位已在公司服务十年的快递员，请他们到孟菲斯出席“周年庆典早餐”，这已经持续了很多年。而这其中包含了弗雷德·史密斯自己的哲学：人员，服务，利润（P-S-P）。史密斯说，“P-S-P的哲学理念就好像一个不可分割的循环，没有清晰可辨的入口或出口，每一个环节都支持着其他环节，同时也反过来受其他环节支撑。”通过明确表达并亲身践行这一理念，弗雷德里克·史密斯已成为未来成功所必需的新领导领域的开拓者。
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Building the dream of Starbucks 霍华德·舒尔茨创造“星巴克”之梦
1 Howard Schultz is not a household name to most North Americans, but those living in urban or suburban communities know his company: the specialty coffee retailer Starbucks. With impressive velocity, Starbucks has grown into the largest coffee roaster and retailer of specialty coffee in North America in a span of only a decade. By 2000, its coffee houses could be found in more than 3,000 locations worldwide; even President Bill Clinton was seen in a snapshot with a Starbucks brew in his hand. According to the US weekly magazine, Newsweek, Schultz's merging of the three Cs — coffee, commerce and community — surely ranks as one of the '90s greatest retail successes.
霍华德·舒尔茨这个名字在北美并非家喻户晓，不过居住在城市或市郊社区的人都知道他的公司：特色咖啡零售商星巴克。区区十年间，星巴克已凭借惊人的速度成长为北美最大的咖啡豆烤制商和特色咖啡零售商。截至2000年，它旗下的咖啡店已经遍布世界三千多个角落。就连美国前总统比尔·克林顿也被人拍到手捧星巴克咖啡。根据美国杂志《新闻周刊》的报道，舒尔茨将“3C”概念——咖啡、商业和社区——融为一体，这已然使星巴克名列20世纪90年代最成功的零售商之列。
2 Schultz was born in 1953 and grew up in an extremely poor Text of the Brooklyn borough of New York City. His mother worked as a receptionist, and his father held a variety of jobs, none of which offered decent pay or medical insurance. When Schultz was seven, his father lost his job as a delivery driver when he broke his ankle in an accident. In the ensuing months, the family was literally too poor to put food on the table.
舒尔茨出生于1953年，在纽约市布鲁克林区一个极其贫困的街区长大。他母亲是一位前台接待员，父亲则从事过很多不同的工作，但其中没有哪一份工作给他支付过体面的酬劳或购
买过医疗保险。舒尔茨七岁时，他父亲在一次事故中扭断了脚踝，失去了他当时做送货司机的工作。在接下来的几个月中，他们家真的是穷到了揭不开锅的地步。
3 During his youth, Schultz was hounded by the shame of his family's \escaped the hot Brooklyn summer one year to attend camp, but would not return when he learned it was for low-income families. He was teased by boys in high school and ashamed to tell his girlfriend where he lived. The harsh memories of those early times stayed with him for the rest of his life.
青年时代的舒尔茨一直由于其家庭“穷困工人阶层”地位所蒙受的耻辱而备受精神折磨。有一年他逃离布鲁克林炎热的夏天去参加夏令营，但当他得知这个夏令营是专门为低收入家庭的学生开办的时候，就再也不愿意去参加了。中学时他遭受到了男孩子们的奚落，也羞于告诉女朋友自己住在哪里。这些早年痛苦的记忆一直伴随着他一生。
4 Sports became an escape from the shame of poverty. Schultz earned an athletic scholarship to Northern Michigan University in 1975. He was the first person in his family to graduate from college as none of his predecessors had training beyond vocational school.
体育运动成了他逃避穷困这一耻辱的方式。1975年，舒尔茨获得了北密歇根大学体育奖学金。他也是他家族中第一个从大学毕业的人,因为他的前辈中没有一个人接受过比职业学校培训更高的教育。
5 The bud of inspiration for his phenomenal coffee business began growing in a 1983 visit to Milan, Italy. Schultz conceived of a new American way of life in the coffee bars of Milan. He sought to recreate such forums for people in the US to start their days or visit with friends. In 1987, at the age of 34, Schultz organized a group of investors and purchased the company that had formerly employed him, the Starbucks Coffee Company in Seattle, which he restructured as the Starbucks Corporation.
舒尔茨令人瞩目的咖啡生意的最初灵感源于1983年他对意大利米兰的造访。在米兰的咖啡馆里，舒尔茨设想了一种新型的美国式生活方式。他寻求在美国重现那种米兰式的交往平台，使人们能以那种方式开始新的一天或与朋友小聚。1987年，当舒尔茨34岁时，他组织了投资团队并购买下了他原先工作的公司，即西雅图的“星巴克咖啡公司”，将其重组为“星巴克集团”。
6 The public verdict was overwhelmingly positive. Schultz's premium coffee bars were an instant success, acting as a stimulus of rapid growth and expansion not only for Starbucks but also for the coffee industry around the world. In 1992, Starbucks became the first specialty coffee company to go public, affirming its magnitude and prospects. 公众的反映出奇地好。舒尔茨创建的高端咖啡厅立即获得了成功，这刺激了星巴克乃至全球整个咖啡产业的迅速成长和发展。1992年，星巴克成为第一家公开上市的特色咖啡经营公司，确证了公司的发展规模和前景。
7 Starbucks' first major venture outside of the northwestern part of the nation was Chicago, where the company's specialty sales division developed new business with department stores and established Starbucks coffee bars adjacent to the business Texts in national bookstores. Starbucks also formed a partnership with PepsiCo to create and distribute a new ready-to-drink
coffee-based beverage, and entered into a licensing agreement with Kraft Foods. As a company seeking to develop with a multilateral approach, Starbucks even developed a relationship with the music industry to sell Starbucks-tailored CDs of classical brass and orchestral music in the coffee bars.
星巴克迈出美国西北部进行投资的第一站是在芝加哥。在那里，公司分管特色销售的部门开创了与百货商店联手以及在国家书店毗邻营业区的地方开设星巴克咖啡吧的经营新渠道。同时，星巴克还和百事可乐公司建立了伙伴关系，研发并销售一款即开即饮的新型咖啡饮品，他们与卡夫食品公司也签订了一份许可协议。作为一家寻求与多方进行合作而发展的企业，星巴克甚至与音乐产业合作，在咖啡吧里销售为星巴克量身定做的古典铜管乐及管弦乐激光唱片。
8 When Starbucks opened its first store in New York City, it was a homecoming for Schultz, but he did not act like the head of the reigning royalty of coffee he had become. The New York Times commented, \almost apologetic manner.\
星巴克在纽约开第一家分店对于舒尔茨来说是回归故里，但他并没有摆出一副咖啡行业王者的姿态。《纽约时报》评论说：“舒尔茨先生说话温和，几乎没有一丝纽约口音的痕迹，而且他举止腼腆，甚至谦卑。”
9 Schultz has also attracted considerable attention with his unconventional employment policies. He wanted to give Starbucks' employees both a philosophical and a financial stake in the business. He decreed that employees who worked the quota of 20 hours a week or more were eligible for medical, dental, and optical coverage as well as for stock options. At a time when other companies were trimming benefits as a cost-cutting measure, Schultz, who grew up in a family without any medical coverage, was vocal in his belief that genuinely caring about your employees is critical to building a sturdy workforce. \Times. \We want to provide our people with dignity and self-esteem, and we can't do that with lip service.\Starbucks stipulates that every employee with at least half-time hours can receive health-care benefits. Schultz credits the utilization of such a benefits policy as the key to the company's growth because it has given Starbucks a more dedicated workforce and an extremely high level of customer service. The chain also achieved a dramatically low turnover rate, half that of the average fast food business. This creates a significant numerical payoff for Starbucks, since each new employee represents an expenditure of $3,000 in recruiting and training costs and productivity losses.
舒尔茨与众不同的员工政策也引起了人们的广泛关注。他希望给星巴克的员工提供不仅是经营理念上的而且也是经济上的参与公司成败的机会。他规定，员工完成每周20小时的工作定额或超过这一定额，就有资格享受医疗、牙齿及眼部保健方面的福利，也能享受股票优先认购权。就在其他企业通过削减福利来节省成本之时，舒尔茨，虽然生长在一个没有任何医疗福利保障的家庭，却仍然坦言自己的信仰，即真诚地关心员工对建立一个坚实的员工队伍是至关重要的。“服务在美国是一门缺失的艺术，”他对《纽约时报》如此说道，“我相信人们愿意把工作做好，但如果遭受的待遇很差，他们就会受到打击。我们希望给予员工尊严与自尊，而这一点光靠动动嘴皮子是做不到的。”星巴克规定，每一位工时超过半工制的员工都能享受医疗保障福利。舒尔茨相信这一福利政策的切实施行是企业成长的关键，因为此