发布时间 : 星期日 文章2020年高考英语语法考点讲解与真题分析专题18：非谓语动词（一）更新完毕开始阅读01aa5ae9bbf3f90f76c66137ee06eff9aef849b6
2020年高考语法考点讲解与真题分析
18 非谓语动词（一）
非谓语动词是高考考查的最重要的内容之一。非谓语动词内容繁多，形式多样，很多学生深感头疼。其实，同学们只要从非谓语动词的作用与形式两个方面入手，非谓语动词的所有问题便可迎刃而解。
1． 非谓语动词的作用：非谓语动词可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。 作用 非谓语 不定式 √ 动名词 √ 分词 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 语 √ √ √ √ √
主宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 2． 非谓语动词的形式 形式 否定式 一般式 完成式 主动式 被动式 用法 在其前面加not等否定词 非谓语动词的动作与句子谓语动词的动作同时发生，或发生在其后 非谓语动词的动作发生在句子谓语动词的动作之前 非谓语动词的逻辑主语是非谓语动词动作的发出者 非谓语动词的逻辑主语是非谓语动词动作的承受者 考点一 非谓语动词作主语
1. 不定式和动名词作主语
不定式和动名词都能作主语，动名词作主语表示比较抽象的、一般的动作；不定式则多表示更具体的某一次的动作，尤其是将来的动作。
1. _________ to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future. （2019天津） A. Learn B. Learned C. Learning D. Having learned
【答案】C
【解析】这里是作主语，用动名词；表示一般动作，用一般式。
2. _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. （2018北京） A. Travel 【答案】B
【解析】这里是作主语，用动名词；表示一般动作，用一般式。
3．______ a new house is impossible for the young couple because they haven't saved enough money．(2016江
苏)
A．Buy B．Buying C．Bought D．Having bought 【答案】B
【解析】这里是作主语，用动名词；表示一般动作，用一般式。
4. ______ the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. (2015安徽) A. Ignore 【答案】B
【解析】这里是作主语，用动名词；表示一般动作，用一般式。
5. ________ how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure. (2013浙江) A Hearing B Hear C Having heard D To be hearing 【答案】A
【解析】这里是动名词作主语。
6. ________ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies. (2013福建) A. Known B. Having known C. Knowing D. Being known 【答案】C
【解析】这里是动名词短语作主语。
7. He told us whether __________ a picnic was still under discussion. (2012四川) A. to have B. having C. have D. had 【答案】A
【解析】这里是“疑问词(whether) + 不定式”在宾语从句中作主语。 2. it作形式主语
不定式作主语时，由于结构的需要，常用it作形式主语，而将不定式后置；动名词在个别结构中作主语时也可后置，主要有It’s no use/good/need doing sth.等。
1. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it’s better ______ silent. (2012浙江)
B. Ignoring
C. Ignored
D. Having ignored
B. Traveling
C. Having traveled
D. Traveled
A. remain B. be remaining C. having remained D. to remain 【答案】D
【解析】不定式作主语后置，it是形式主语。
2. It’s no use ______ without taking action. (2011上海) A. complain 【答案】B
【解析】it’s no use后接动名词；complain是不及物动词，故用主动式。 3. The doctor thought ______ would be good for you to have a holiday. (2010 全国) A. this B. that C. one D. it 【答案】D
【解析】thought后是一个宾语从句，从句的真正主语是不定式的复合结构for you to have holiday，故用it作形式主语。
考点二 非谓语动词作宾语
不定式和动名词都能作宾语。要牢记哪些动词只能跟不定式作宾语，哪些动词只能跟不定式作宾语，哪些动词既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意思完全不同。 1. 不定式作宾语。
以下动词只能接不定式作宾语：afford, agree, aim, appear, apply, arrange, beg, claim, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, happen, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, remain, strive, tend, threaten, undertake, volunteer, want, wish等；动词decide, discover, discuss, explain, know, learn, show, tell, think, understand, wonder等常跟“疑问词 + 不定式”作宾语。
1. I can’t stand ____ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses ____ talking while she works. (2006北京) A．working; stopping B．to work; stopping C．working; to stop D．to work; to stop 【答案】C
【解析】stand后只能接动名词作宾语；refuse后只能接不定式作宾语。故选C。 2. 动名词作动词和介词的宾语
以下动词只能接动名词作宾语：admit, advise, allow, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, finish, forbid, imagine, keep, mind, miss, permit, practice, risk, stand, suggest, understand等。
1. The film star wears glasses. Therefore he can go shopping without ______. (2014北京) A. recognizing B. being recognized C. having recognized D. having been recognized
B. complaining
C. being complained
D. to be complained
【答案】B
【解析】介词wihtout后接动名词作宾语，逻辑主语与recognize之间是被动关系，故用动名词的不定式。 2. Young people may risk ________ deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 【答案】C
【解析】risk后接动名词作宾语，表示一般情况，故用一般式。 3. One learns a knowledge by making mistakes and ______ them. (2012北京) A. corrects B. correct C. to correct D. correcting 【答案】D
【解析】and连接两个并列的动名词作介词by的宾语。
4. Bill suggested __________ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation. (2010上海) A. having held 【答案】C
【解析】suggest后只能接动名词作宾语；动名词动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之后，用一般式。 5. I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention __________ when we talked on the phone. （2010江西） A. to promote 【答案】B
【解析】mention后只能接动名词作宾语；动名词动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之前，且与逻辑主语he之间是被动关系，故用动名词完成式的被动式。
3.有些动词和固定短语既可跟不定式又可跟动名词，但意思完全不同。 to do 记住做… to do 遗憾地要做… remember regret doing 记得曾经做过… doing 后悔做了…
to do 忘了做… to do 尽力做… forget try
doing 忘记曾经做过… doing 试着做…
to do 企（意）图做… to do 停下正在做的事情去做另一件事 mean stop
B. having been promoted C. having promoted
D. to be promoted
B. to hold C. holding
D. hold