发布时间 : 星期一 文章考研英语历年真题翻译部分答案1994 - 2010更新完毕开始阅读026c5d34dc3383c4bb4cf7ec4afe04a1b071b0f8
1994年英译汉试题
71) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tool. 他们说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼见，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西
72) In short, a leader of the new school contends, the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable direction.
新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说：简而言之，我们所谓的科学革命，主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用，而这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展无所不及
73) Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.
工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被历史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。
74) Galileo's greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the earth.
伽利略的最光辉业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空，以证实行星是围绕太阳旋转而不是围绕地球旋转的。
75) Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. 政府究竟是以减少对技术经费的投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入，还是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动力量。 1995年英译汉试题
71) The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. 把标准化测试作为抨击的目标是错误的，因为在抨击这类测试时，批评者没有注意到测试的弊病在于使用测试的人对测试不甚了解或使用不当。
72) How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.
这些测试在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适应性，以及解释这些信息的技能和才智。
73) Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.
因此，在某一特定情况下，究竟是采用测试还是其他种类的信息，或是两者兼用，须凭有关相对效度的经验依据而定，也取决于诸如费用和有无来源等因素。
74) In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can not be well defined.
一般的说，当所要测定的特征能很精确界定时，测试最为有效；而当所要测定或预测的东西
不能明确地界定时，测试的效果则最差。
75) For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.
例如，测试并不弥补明显的社会不公，因此它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果在较好的环境下成长的话，会有多大才干。 1996年英译汉试题
(1)Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.
译文：在这些原因中，有些完全是社会需求的必然结果/自然而然地来自社会需求，而另一些原因则是由于科学在一定程度上自我加速而产生某些特定发展的必然结果。
(2)This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
译文：这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。
(3)This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future. 译文：通过支持与当前目标无关但对将来可能会产生影响的某些科学研究，这一问题看来能最有效地得到解决。
(4)However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world's more fascinating and delightful aspects.
译文：然而，世界就是如此创造的，以至于完美的体系一般而言都不能解决一些世界上更加引人入胜的问题。
(5)New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.
译文：就像过去那样，将来也必然会出现新的思维方式和新的思维对象，从而给完美以新的标准。
1997年英译汉试题
(6)Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.
译文：实际上，这一问法并不存在/事实并非如此，因为这种问法认为这儿存在一种对人权的共同认识，而这种共同认识在世界上并不存在。
(7)Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. 译文：有些哲学家认为，权利只是存在于社会契约之中，并作为责任与权利相交换的一部分。
(8)It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.
译文：这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使人们认为应该这样对待动物：要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅，要么就是完全冷漠无情。
(9)Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.
译文：这类极端主义者认为，人与动物在每一个相关的方面都不相同，因此动物不在道德考虑的范围之内或对待动物无须考虑道德问题。
(10)When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind's instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at. 译文：看到动物痛苦产生这样的同情心并不错，这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用，这种本能应该得到鼓励而不应遭到嘲弄。
1998年英译汉试题
(11)But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.
译文：但更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观测到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150 亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。
(12)The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. 译文：巨大宇宙云的存在，实际上使二十年代首创的大爆炸论得以保持其宇宙起源论的主导地位。
(13)Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon.
译文：天体物理学家使用南极陆基探测器及球载仪器，正越来越近地观测这些云系，也许不久会报告他们的观测结果。
(14)If the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory.
译文：假如那些小热点看上去同预想的一致，那就意味着又一科学观点的胜利，这种观点即一种完美的大爆炸论，也称宇宙膨胀理论。
(15)Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, and many astrophysicists
have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true. 译文：虽然宇宙膨胀理论听起来古怪，但它是基本粒子物理学中一些公认的观点在科学上看来可信的结论。而且许多天体物理学家七八年来一直相信这一结论是正确的。
1999年英译汉试题
(16) While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. 译文：几乎每个历史学家对历史都有自己的界定，但现代历史学家的实践最趋向于认同这样一个定义，即把历史学看作是试图对过去重大事件的重现和解释。
(17) Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.
译文1：人们对历史研究方法产生兴趣，这与其说是因为外界对历史作为一门知识学科的有效性提出了挑战，还不与说历史学家内部发生了争吵。
译文2：人们之所以对历史研究的方法产生兴趣，主要是因为史学界内部意见不一，其次是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学问。
(18)During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study. 译文：在这种转变中，那些在历史研究中用来解释新史料的新方法充实了传统的历史研究方法。
(19) There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. 译文：方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史探究中各个具体领域所使用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。
(20) It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques. 译文：这种谬论同样存在于历史传统派和历史社科派；前者认为历史就是史学界内部和外部人士对各种史料来源的评论，后者认为历史的研究是具体方法的研究。
2000年英译汉试题 (21) Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.
译文：在现代条件下，这需要不同程度的中央控制，从而也需要获得诸如经济学家和运筹学家等领域专家的协助。