发布时间 : 星期五 文章基于单片机的交流调压调速系统设计更新完毕开始阅读033d627d1a37f111f0855b10
摘 要
在电力传动系统中，交流电动机具有一些直流电动机无法比拟的优点，如单机容量、电枢电压、额定转速、价格等方面。但由于交流电机的调速一直比较困难，所以，长期以来，交流电机只能作恒速运行，而在要求精确、灵活、连续调速的传动系统中，直流电机调速传动一直占主要地位。然而，近年来，一方面随着大功率可控电力电子元件和变频技术的迅速发展，用交流电机的调速传动系统代替直流电机调速传动系统已成为可能，另一方面，从节能的观点要求把原来作恒速运行的交流电机传动系统改为调速传动。因而，在电力传动领域里正在日益重视发展交流电机的调速传动，成为电动机调速新的发展方向。
交流调压调速系统设计思想是用改变异步电动机定子电压来实现调节电动机转速的控制系统称为调压调速系统，而电机定子电压是通过晶闸管元件组成的调压器进行控制。通过控制晶闸管的触发角，就可以对输出交流基波电压有效值进行控制，来达到调压调速的目的。
系统的总体结构主要由主回路，驱动电路，光电隔离电路，触发器，电压电流检测保护电路，STC89C51RC单片机，测速发电机等组成。
调压调速的电路简单，成本低廉、操作简单、方便，多用于对调速性能要求不高的中、小容量拖动装置中。
关键字：晶闸管；调压调速；单片机
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ABSTRACT
In the power transmission system, AC motor has some DC motor can not match the ad-vantages, such as stand-alone capacity, armature voltage, rated speed and price. But due to the AC motor speed control has been more difficult, so for a long time, the AC motor can only for constant speed operation, and requires accurate, flexible and continuous speed control of the drive system, DC motor drive has accounted for a major position. However, in recent years, on the one hand, with the rapid development of high power controllable power electronic components and frequency conversion technology, AC motor variable speed drive system to replace the DC motor drive system has become possible, on the other hand, from the view-point of saving asked to original constant speed AC motor drive system change is an adjusta-ble speed drive. So in the field of power transmission is being paid increasing attention de-velopment of AC motor variable speed drive, become the new development direction of the motor speed.
AC adjustable speed system design pressure is by changing the stator voltage to realize adjustment of motor speed control system for pressure regulating and speed control system, and motor stator voltage is through the thyristor tube element is composed of a pressure con-trol device. Through control thyristor trigger angle, the AC output fundamental voltage effec-tive value of control to achieve pressure and speed adjustment.
The overall structure of the system mainly by the main circuit, driving circuit, a photoe-lectric isolation circuit, trigger, voltage and current detection and protection circuit, stc89c51rc SCM, tachometer generator.
Pressure regulating speed circuit is simple, low cost, simple operation, convenient and high requirement of speed performance, small capacity dragging device used in. KeyWords:Thyristor,Voltage Control,SCM
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湖南科技大学本科生毕业设计（论文）
目 录
摘 要 .......................................................................................................................... i ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................. ii 第一章 绪论 ................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 交流调速的发展状况 ....................................................................................... 1 1.2 现代交流调速技术的应用 ............................................................................... 1 1.3 现代交流调速技术的发展 ............................................................................... 2
第二章 三相异步电动机交流调速 ...................................................................... 4
2.1 交流调速方案 ................................................................................................... 4
2.1.1 变级调速 .................................................................................................. 4 2.1.2 变频调速 .................................................................................................. 4 2.1.3 变转差率调速 .......................................................................................... 4
第三章 交流调压主电路设计 ............................................................................... 8
3.1 主电路及其工作原理 ....................................................................................... 8
3.1.1 主电路装置 .............................................................................................. 8 3.1.2 主电路原理 .............................................................................................. 8 3.2 交流调压调速控制主回路设计 ..................................................................... 10 3.3 主电路参数及元器件选型 ............................................................................. 11
3.3.1 主电路参数要求 .................................................................................... 11 3.3.2 晶闸管选择 ............................................................................................ 11 3.3.3 滤波电容的选择 .................................................................................... 11 3.3.4 阻容吸收电路参数计算 ........................................................................ 11 3.3.5 压敏电阻的选择 .................................................................................... 12
第四章 控制电路设计 ........................................................................................... 13
4.1 单片机控制线路 ............................................................................................. 13
4.1.1 单片机STC89C51RC的组成及引脚 ................................................... 14 4.1.2 A/D芯片ADC0809及其工作原理 ....................................................... 16 4.2 单片机的几个外围电路 ................................................................................. 17
4.2.1 时钟电路 ................................................................................................ 17 4.2.2 复位电路 ................................................................................................ 18 4.2.3 速度检测电路 ........................................................................................ 19
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湖南科技大学本科生毕业设计（论文）
4.2.4 过压检测保护电路 ................................................................................ 19 4.3 同步输入电路及移相触发脉冲的产生 ......................................................... 20
4.3.1 同步信号输入电路 ................................................................................ 20 4.3.2 触发脉冲线路与驱动电路 .................................................................... 20 4.4 晶闸管触发驱动 ............................................................................................. 23 4.5 PID调节模块控制原理和有关的设计 ......................................................... 23 4.6 系统工作原理 ................................................................................................. 25
第五章 系统软件的总体设计及流程图 .......................................................... 26
5.1 主程序 ............................................................................................................. 26
5.1.1 主程序流程图 ........................................................................................ 26 5.1.2 中断保护服务程序流程图 .................................................................... 27 5.2 子程序模块: ...................................................................................................... 27
5.2.1 软起动子程序 ........................................................................................ 27 5.2.2 键值处理子程序流程图 ........................................................................ 29 5.2.3 PID子程序流程图 ................................................................................. 30 5.2.4 子程序流程图 ........................................................................................ 31
结束语 ............................................................................................................................ 32 参考文献 ....................................................................................................................... 33 致 谢 ............................................................................................................................ 34
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