发布时间 : 星期一 文章2020年高考英语语法专项突破训练专题15-名词性从句更新完毕开始阅读05905ab526284b73f242336c1eb91a37f01132d0
专题十四 名词性从句
重难点分析
名词性从句是历年高考的重点和难点，也是热点。名词性从句相当于名词，可作主句的主语、宾语、表语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句（见下表）。
主语从句 宾语从句 作主语，用that, whether, if, what(=the thing that)等连接词引导。 作宾语，用that（可省略）, whether（or not）, if, what(=the thing which)等连接词引导。 表语从句 同位语从句 用that（一般不省略）, whether, what(=the thing which)等连接词引导。 用that（常用在news, thought, idea, plan, suggestion, fact等词后），whether等连接词引导。 一、主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主语谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。如：
Who will go is not important. 谁将去不是重要的。 1. it作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
it作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子每一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。如：
It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. (主语从句) 你没去看电影真是遗憾。 It is in the morning that the murder took place. （强调句）谋杀案发生的时间是在早晨。 2. 用it作形式主语的结构 1 句型 It is+名词+主语从句 例句 It is a fact that…事实是……/ It is an honor that…非常荣幸……/ It is common knowledge that… ……是常识 2 It is+形容词+主语从句 It is natural that………很自然/ It is strange that… 奇怪的是…… （此句型后面常接虚拟语气should+动词原形） 3 It+不及物动词+主语从句 It seems that…似乎……/ It happened that…碰巧……/ It appears that…似乎…… 4 It is/has been+过去分词+It is reported that…据报道……/ It has been proved that…据证实……/ It is 主语从句 said that…据说……/ It is believed that 据认为/一般人都认为…… 2. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况 1 说明 例句 if引导的主语从句不可位于复合句句首 Whether he will come or not in unknown. (正) If he will come or not is unknown. (误) 2 It is said/reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前 It is said that Jiang will visit our school next week. (正) Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (误) It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (正) That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (误) It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. (正) Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. (误) Isn’t likely that it will rain in the evening? (正) Is that it will rain in the evening likely? (误) 3 It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前 4 It doesn’t matter how/whether…结构中的主语从句不可提前 5 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前
二、宾语从句
宾语从句是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。 说明 由that引导的宾语从句（that通常可以省略） what, whether/if, She did not know what had happened. 她不知道发生了什么。 例句 I heard (that) he joined the army. 我听说他参军了。 1 作动词的宾语 由when,where等引导的宾语从句 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句 She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她告诉我她将接受我的邀请。 2 作介词的宾语 Our success depends on/upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 我们的成功取决于我们互相合作得有多好。 3 作形容词的宾语 I am afraid (that) I have made a mistake. 恐怕我犯了个错。 4 It可以作为形式宾语 We heard it that she would get married next month. 我们听说她下个月打算结婚。 否定前移（若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine I don’t think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。 5 等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式）。 注意：that引导的从句常跟在某些形容词后作宾语，如：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, gald, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, satisfied, content等。也可将此类词后的从句看作是原因状语从句。
三、表语从句
表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的引导词that一般不省略。另外，常用的含有表语从句的结构还有“The reason is that…”，“It is because…”，“That’s why…”等。如：The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus. 他上学迟到的原因是他错过了早班车。
四、同位语从句
同位语从句是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
说明 1 同位语的功能 (一般由that引导) 说明名词的具体内容 对于名词进一步解释 例句 The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. 国王做出释放那个罪犯的决定让所有人都很吃惊。 The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. 所有的士兵都应该保持不动，这个命令是将军下的。 2 同位语从句在句子中的位置 有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，被别的词隔开 He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 他从玛丽那里得到消息——运动会被推迟了。
五、whether, if引导名词性从句的区别 1 说明 句首引导主语从句只能用whether 2 if不能引导表语从句 例句 Whether we will go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 我们明天是否去野营取决于天气。 What the doctor really doubt is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. 医生真正怀疑的是我的母亲是否会很快从重病中恢复。 3 if不能引导介词后的宾语从句 Everything depends on whether we can make a plan that they will agree to. 一切取决于我们能否做出一个他们会同意的计划。 4 宾语从句是否定句只能用if I asked Peter if he hadn’t decided what he would say at the meeting. 我问皮特他是不是还没决定会议上他讲的内容。 5 discuss后的宾语从句只能用whether引导 We discussed whether the medicine will cause side effects. 我们讨论了这个药是否会引起副作用。 注意：doubt作“怀疑”解，后接宾语从句时，如主句是肯定的，宾语从句用whether或if引导，如主句是否定，宾语从句只能用that引导。如：
I doubt whether/if he is fit for the job. 我怀疑他是否胜任这份工作。 I don’t doubt that he can do it very well. 他能把它做好，我不怀疑。
考点练透
一、单句填空 用适当的连词填空，补全下列句子。 1. I can’t decide dictionary I would buy. 2. That’s he refused my invitation.
3. I am very interested in he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time. 4. we need is more time.
5. The fact she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody. 6. and they will meet has not been decided yet. 7. Please tell me you are waiting for. 8. Is that you are looking for?