发布时间 : 星期二 文章2020高考英语总复习实用精品学案 高考语法专题 情态动词与虚拟语气 新人教版更新完毕开始阅读09f0d248d5d8d15abe23482fb4daa58da1111ceb
高考语法专题：情态动词与虚拟语气 考纲新研读 情态动词 1. can, could
(1)表示能力或客观可能性、请求或允许： Man cannot live without air or water. (2)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信： How can you be so careless! He couldn’t be over sixty. (3)表示对过去否定或疑问的猜测：
Jack cannot (couldn’t) have been to China, has he? Can (Could) he have heard the news?
(4)表示虚拟语气，用于肯定句，could have done,“过去能够干 某事而没干”。
I could have lent him money, but he didn’t ask me. Given more time, I could have done it even better. (5)表示“有时会”：
Training alone can be dangerous. 2. may, might
(1)表示推测“可能”： That may or may not be true.
(2)对过去可能性的推测，may (might可能性更小)have done： She may not have seen the film. She might have had an accident. (3)表示虚拟语气“有可能干而没干”：
She might have given you more help, but she didn’t. (4)表示祝愿：
May you succeed in passing the exam！ 3.must，have to
(1)“必须”，“必要”： Soldiers must obey orders. You mustn’t talk like that.
(2)肯定的猜测(不能用于否定或疑问)：“一定”： He must be seventy now.
He must be doing his homework upstairs.
I think you must have made a mistake, didn’t you? He must have been doing his homework then. (3)(表示与说话人愿望相反及不耐烦)偏要
Just as I was hurrying to class, Mary must come, telling a long story. 4. need
(1)“需要”，主要用于否定、疑问句。 You needn’t do it at once.
(2)needn’t have done,“过去不需要干而干了”： You had enough time left. You needn’t have hurried. (3)特殊句型，“需要干某事”：
The tree needs (wants, requires) watering (to be watered). 5.dare，dared
(1)主要用于疑问、否定和条件句中： How dared they do such a thing? (2)可作实意动词：dare (to) do: He didn’t dare (to) go there. 6. shall, should
(1)shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，征求对方意见： Shall I turn on the radio?
(2)shall用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示允诺、警告、命 令、决心等。
You shall fail if you don’t take his advice. Nothing shall stop us from carrying out this plan. (3)should/ought to,“应该”： You should work hard at your lessons.
(4)should(ought to) have done,“过去本来应该干某事而没干”； should not have done“过去本来不应该干某事而干了”,表示 委婉的批评：
You should have come earlier.
You shouldn’t have told her about it.
You ought to have told me about that yesterday. 7. will, would
(1)用于疑问句，表示请求、邀请： Will/Would you pass me the book? (2)“愿意”：
If you will wait a little while, I’ll call the manager. (3)“总是”：
He will often sit up all night. He would drop in on me on Sundays. (4)用于否定句，表拒绝，尤指物：
We pushed the bus, but it wouldn’t move a bit. 8.used to “过去曾经……”，暗示现在不再如此： You used to smoke, usedn’t you (didn’t you)? 虚拟语气
近几年，虚拟语气考查的重点是与情态动词连用的虚拟语气。如：should have done, could have done, might have done等。虚拟条件句等也时有涉及。 1.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用： (1)与现在事实相反：
条件句谓语用：If...did/were...；主句谓语用：would (should, could, might) do...。例如：
If I had enough money, I would buy the car. (But I haven’t enough money.)
If it were not so late, we could have coffee. (2)与过去事实相反：
条件句谓语用：If...had done...;主句谓语用：would (should) have done...。例如：
If they had invited me, I would have gone to the party. (But they didn’t invite me.)
They didn’t invite me, otherwise, I would have gone to the party. (3)与将来事实相反：
条件句谓语用：If...did (were)/were to do/should do...;主句谓语 用：would (should) do...。例如：
I’m sure to succeed this time. If I failed (were to fail/should fail), I would try again. (4)过去现在混合：
条件句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。例如：
If you had taken the doctor’s advice, you wouldn’t be in hospital now (you would be well now).
(5)如果if省略，从句要倒装(主要是were/should/had)例如： Had they time, they would help us.
Had you come earlier, you would have met the scientist. (6)用介词短语代替条件句：