发布时间 : 星期二 文章2014年10月自考《英语一》讲义 Unit 05_(含课文、生词表、课后练习及答案)更新完毕开始阅读0b2544dc83d049649b66588b
三、分词的用法 1.作状语
分词短语作状语，用于表示时间、原因或伴随状况，对谓语动词表示的动作加以修饰或说明。 Seeing those pictures, he couldn't help thinking of those days they spent together. Not having received a prompt reply, he decided to send them another email. Exhausted by the whole day's hard work, I soon fell asleep.
They stood there for almost two hours watching the football game. ●提示
用分词作状语时，要牢记不论是现在分词还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须与主句主语保持一致。 2.作定语
分词可以作定语，修饰一个名词，在意思上相当于一个定语从句。例如： The man speaking in front of the blackboard is our teacher. The factory making TV sets is run by the local community. This is the English dictionary recommended by our teacher. 3.作宾语补足语和主语补足语
分词可以用在某些动词的宾语后作宾语补足语。例如：
When I entered the room, I found him reading something aloud.
He was surprised to find his room, thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged in good order His remarks left me wondering about his real purpose. ●提示
上述句子在转换成被动语态后，原来的宾语补足语也就相应地成了主语补足语。例如： We were kept waiting for quite a long time.
They should be kept informed of the goings-on here.
四、独立主格结构
分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与主句主语保持一致，但有时分词也会有一个自己的逻辑上的主语，辑主语放在分词前面，与分词构成逻辑上的主谓关系，这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，故称为独立主格独立主格结构的句法作用相当于一个状语从句或伴随状语。例如： Christmas being a holiday, the shops were all closed.
All things considered, her paper is of greater value than yours.
独立主格结构有时也可由介词with或without引导，构成“with（without）+名词或代词宾格＋分词”结句法作用与独立主格结构相同。例如：
The student hurried to the classroom, with his face covered with sweat. I can't fall asleep with the light burning.
Exercises
Directions: Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.
1.People cannot but feel ________ for they simply cannot understand how he could have made sstupid mistake.
A）puzzle B）to puzzle C）puzzling D）puzzled [答疑编号506494050701：针对该题提问]
【答案】D
【解析】译文：人们感到莫名的困惑，因为他们无法理解为什么他能犯如此愚蠢的错误。此 处的feel相当于系动词be的用法，其后可以接分词作表语，A和B错；C是现在分词表示事物所具备的特征，意为“令人??”，其主语是物；D是过去分词表示所存在的状态，其主语是人，本题puzzle的逻辑主语是people。答案为D。
2.________ the financial means to remain independent, Thomas Edison was compelled to seek employment as a night telegraph operator. A）Deprived of B）Having deprived of C）Depriving of D）To be deprived of [答疑编号506494050702：针对该题提问]
【答案】A
【解析】译文：由于被剥夺了赖以保持独立的经济来源，汤姆斯爱迪生不得不做一位夜间电
报员。根据句意知deprive of的逻辑主语是Thomas Edison，其与主语之前是动宾关系，要用被动语态，B和C错；D中的不定式表示目的或者将来，不合题意。答案为A。
3.________ some guests were coming, they got the rooms ready. A）Having told B）To tell C）Having been told D）Telling [答疑编号506494050703：针对该题提问]
【答案】C
【解析】译文：得知客人要来，他们把客房都准备好了。根据句意知tell的逻辑主语是
they，他们之间是动宾关系，要用被动语态，A，B和D都错。且tell这个动作发生在主句谓语动词got之前，要用完成时态。答案为C。
4.Our modern civilization must not be thought of as ________ in a short period of time. A）being created B）to have been created C）having been created D）to be created [答疑编号506494050704：针对该题提问]
【答案】C
【解析】译文：我们的现代文明不应被认为是短期内可以完成的。首先think of as是一个固定短语，意为“认为”，其后要接名词或相当于名词的短语作宾语。根据句意可知create
的逻辑主语是our modern civilization，要用被动语态，而且create这个动作发生在thought of as之前（即现代文明的创造要先于人们对文明的认识之前），所以要用完成时。答案为C。
5.All flights ________ because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train. A）were cancelled B）had been cancelled C）having cancelled D）having been cancelled [答疑编号506494050705：针对该题提问]
【答案】D
【解析】译文：所有航班因暴风雪取消了，我们决定坐火车。首先分析逗号前后两个句子并无连接词，所以前面那个不是一个独立的句子，A，B不符合；主语all flights 和cancel
之间是动宾关系， cancel 要用被动语态，C错； cancel 发生在位于decided 之前，要用完成时。其实逗号前面是一个独立主格。答案为D。
6.England's chief exports are coal, cars and cotton goods, cars ________ the most important these.
A）have been B）are C）be D）being
[答疑编号506494050706：针对该题提问]
【答案】D
【解析】译文：英国主要出口煤，汽车以及棉制产品，其中汽车是最重要的出口项。首先分
析句子结构，逗号前后两个句子之间没连接词，因此后面要用非谓语动词，A，B和C错。答案为D。
7.The rocket will weigh about 200 tons when ________ . A）completed B）completing
C）to be completed D）having completed [答疑编号506494050707：针对该题提问]
【答案】A
【解析】译文：这艘火箭完工时重约200吨。根据句意complete的逻辑主语是the
rocket，他们之间是动宾关系，要用被动语态；本题可以理解为when后面省略了主语the rocket （it）is。主句用一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时。答案为A。
8.His presence at the meeting was regarded ________ a special meaning. A）for having B）as having C）to have D）in having [答疑编号506494050708：针对该题提问]
【答案】B
【解析】译文：人们认为他出席会议有特别的用意。be regarded as 意为“被认为是”，其后接名词或相当于名词的词，是固定用法。答案为B。
9.Our car ________ down half way, we had to run to the nearest rescue station for help. A）breaks B）broke
C）breaking D）having broken [答疑编号506494050709：针对该题提问]
【答案】D
【解析】译文：我们的车半路上坏了，我们不得不求助于最近的急救站。首先分析句子结构知逗号前后的句子之间没有连接词，因此前面要用非谓语动词，A和B错；break的逻辑主
语是our car，他们之间是主谓关系，要用主动语态；且break发生在had to run之前，要用完成时，C错。答案为D。
10.Life is a candle ________ to burn ever brighter. A）being meant B）meaning C）to mean D）meant [答疑编号506494050710：针对该题提问]
【答案】D
【解析】译文：生命是一支蜡烛，应该燃烧得更亮的。mean to do意为“打算，计
划”,mean doing意为“意味着”,be meant to do应做，必须做，意欲；固定搭配。答案为D。
11.Without the sun's light ________ the earth's surface, it would be so cold that life couldexist on the earth.
A）warms B）warmed C）warming D）to warm [答疑编号506494050711：针对该题提问]
【答案】C
【解析】译文：如果没有太阳光温暖地球，地球将会因为过于寒冷而不存在生命。首先分析 句子结构，由逗号连接的两个句子之间没有连接词，前面句子要用非谓语动词形式。warm和其逻辑主语the sun's light之间是主谓关系，要用现在分词形式表主动。由without引导的这个独立主格作后面句子的状语，表条件。答案为C。
12.She said very little, responding only briefly when ________ . A）speaking B）spoken to C）spoken D）speaking to [答疑编号506494050712：针对该题提问]
【答案】B
【解析】译文：她说话很少，当有人跟她说话的时候她也只是简短地作出回应。根据句意知
speak to的逻辑主语是she，他们之间是动宾关系，要用被动语态，而speak后面只能接语言或者说话的内容，不能接人，C错。其实when后面省略了she was。答案为B。
13.________ more attention, the trees could have grown better. A）Given B）To give
C）Giving D）Having given
[答疑编号506494050713：针对该题提问]
【答案】A
【解析】译文：关注更多一些的话，这些树会长得更好。独立主格作伴随状语。分析知give more attention的逻辑主语是the trees，他们之间是动宾关系，要用过去分词表被动。答