发布时间 : 星期三 文章基于PLC和变频器的电梯控制系统的设计（河南理工大学毕业设计）更新完毕开始阅读0d436f6859eef8c75fbfb390
摘 要
随着现代社会和城市生活发展，计算机技术、自动控制技术和电力电子技术得到了迅速的发展，电梯已经成为城市物质文明的一种标志。特别是在高层建筑中，电梯是不可或缺的垂直运输设备。传统继电器电梯控制系统，由于继电器本身的机械和电磁惯性大，大大降低了电梯系统的可靠性和安全性。为了保证电梯运行，既高效节能又安全可靠，必须改进电梯控制方式。根据顺序逻辑控制的需要发展起来的可编程控制器（PLC），它是专门为工业环境应用而设计的数字运算操作的电子装置。PLC处理速度快，可靠性高，能够保证电梯正常、安全、可靠地运行。同时，由于电机交流变频调速技术的发展，电梯的拖动方式己由原来直流调速逐渐过渡到了变频调速，这不仅能满足乘客的舒适感和保证平稳的精度，还可以降低能耗，节约能源，减小运行费用。本文将基于PLC的变频调速方法应用到电梯系统中，并对此方法进行研究。
关键词：电梯； 可编程控制器； 变频器
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Abstract
Along with the development of modern economy and city life, computer technology, automatic control technology and power electronic technology rapid development, the elevator has become a symbol of urban material civilization. Especially in high-rise buildings, the elevator is an indispensable vertical transportation equipment. Traditional relay elevator control system, due to the mechanical and electromagnetic relay inertia big, greatly reduces the reliability and security of the elevator system. In order to ensure the efficiency and reliable securities, the control method of elevator must be changed. The programmable logic controller (PLC), which develops based on sequence logical control, is digital operation electronic device specialized in the industrial application environment. PLC possesses fast process speed and high reliability. Therefore, PLC can be able to ensure the elevator run normally, securely and reliably. In addition, the drive method of elevators has replaced the DC velocity modulation with frequency control due to the development of AC frequency control of motors. The frequency control not only satisfies the comfort sense of passengers and ensures the stable precision, but also decreases the loss of power, saves resources and reduces expenses. The frequency control method based on PLC is applied to the elevator system and further researched.
Key Word：The elevator; PLC; VFD
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目录
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绪论 ......................................................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 课题的研究背景 ......................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 交流曳引电梯调速方式的发展 ................................................................................................. 7 1.3 电梯发展展望 ............................................................................................................................. 7 1.4 变频器的特点和其在电梯中应用 ............................................................................................. 8
1.4.1 变频器的工作原理 ......................................................................................................... 8 1.4.2 变频器系统构成 ............................................................................................................. 9 1.4.3 变频器的分类、规格以及满足条件 ............................................................................. 9 1.4.4 电梯变频调速控制的特点 ........................................................................................... 10 1.5 可编程控制器的特点及其在电梯控制中的应用 ................................................................... 10
1.5.1 PLC的系统构成 ............................................................................................................ 11 1.5.2 PLC的工作原理 ............................................................................................................ 12 1.5.3 PLC的特点 .................................................................................................................... 13 1.5.4 PLC控制电梯的优点 .................................................................................................... 15 1.6 电梯的基本结构及性能指标 ................................................................................................... 15
1.6.1 曳引系统 ....................................................................................................................... 16 1.6.2 轿箱和重量平衡装置 ................................................................................................... 16 1.6.3 电力拖动系统 ............................................................................................................... 17 1.6.4 电气控制系统 ............................................................................................................... 17 1.6.5 安全保护系统 ............................................................................................................... 17 1.6.6 电梯的性能指标 ........................................................................................................... 18 变频器简介 ........................................................................................................................................... 19 2.1 变频器的选型 ........................................................................................................................... 20 2.2 VS-616G5变频器 ..................................................................................................................... 20
2.2.1 VS-616G5变频器的简介 .............................................................................................. 21 2.2.2 VS-616G5变频器的主要性能、特点及选用 .............................................................. 21 2.2.3 VS-616G5变频器运行参数及设置原则 ...................................................................... 22 2.2.4 VS-616G5变频器控制回路的端子 .............................................................................. 24 2.2.5 VS-616G5变频器多级调速的PLC控制 ...................................................................... 26 2.2.6 变频器容量及制动电阻参数的计算 ........................................................................... 28 PLC的简介 .......................................................................................................................................... 29 3.1 PLC的选型............................................................................................................................... 30 3.2 FX2N-80MR型PLC .................................................................................................................. 31
3.2.1 FX2N-80MR型PLC的 I/O点分配 ................................................................................ 31 3.2.2 FX2N-80MR型PLC的硬件接线 ..................................................................................... 33 硬件设计 ............................................................................................................................................... 34 4.1 电梯速度曲线 ........................................................................................................................... 34 4.2 电梯位置的确定 ....................................................................................................................... 35 4.3 轿厢的平层与停车 ................................................................................................................... 36 4.4 电梯的安全保护环节 ............................................................................................................... 36 4.5 电梯控制系统的设计 ............................................................................................................... 38 4.6 电梯自动门的设计 ................................................................................................................... 39 4.7 拖动电机电路的设计 ............................................................................................................... 40 4.8 电梯设备的选择 ....................................................................................................................... 41 软件设计 ............................................................................................................................................... 42 5.1 电梯的三个工作状态 ............................................................................................................... 43 5.2 电梯控制系统实现的功能 ....................................................................................................... 44 5.3 电梯主要梯形图程序说明 ....................................................................................................... 45
5.3.1 楼层显示电路控制 ....................................................................................................... 45
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5.3.2 轿厢内选层按钮指示灯控制 ....................................................................................... 46 5.3.3 门厅召唤电路控制 ....................................................................................................... 47 5.3.4 电梯选向电路控制 ....................................................................................................... 47 5.3.5 电梯平层电路 ............................................................................................................... 48 5.3.6 电梯起动电路和换速电路控制 ................................................................................... 49
总结 ............................................................................................................................................................... 50 致谢 ............................................................................................................................................................... 51 参考文献 ....................................................................................................................................................... 52 附录 ............................................................................................................................................................... 53
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