发布时间 : 星期三 文章2013新人教版英语七年级下Unit4更新完毕开始阅读0e5b95383968011ca3009170
Unit 4 Don’t eat in class.
【学习目标】【学习重点】：
1、初步掌握第19页的生词和句型； 2、学习祈使句的用法； 3、谈论校规;
4. 复习must的用法。
5. 掌握句型：“ I must…” , “ I have to…” , “ I can /can’t…”
初识祈使句
祈使句表示命令、请求、劝告、征求对方意见等，一般省略主语（you）。句末用感叹句或句号，用降调朗读。也可在句前或句末加上please,以使语气更加缓和、客气。
Please come in.(=Come in,please)
1．肯定祈使句一般以动词原形开头： Run in the hallways.Be quiet,please.
2．祈使句的否定形式一般在动词原形前加_________:
___________ run in the hallways. ______be late!
3、let开头的句子也是祈使句的一种:Let me help you.让我来帮你。
否定形式是“Don’t +let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分”和“Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其它成分”两种Let’s not stay outside.咱们别待在外面。 Don’t let him go.不要让他走。
提醒：有时，祈使句中的动词或动词词组也可省略。
如：This way,please.(=Come this way,please)
有时表示强调，可以在动词原形前加do，表示“一定，务必”的意思 如：Do come and help me.务必来帮我。
No加名词或动词-ing 形式可构成否定祈使句，通常用作公共场所的提示语，意为“禁止做某事” No photos!禁止拍照！ No parking! 禁止停车！
重点知识讲解
1, Don’t arrive late for class. 上课不要迟到。
①arrive意为到达，作不及物动词。arrive in 后接大地方（如城市，国家），arrive at后接小地方（如村庄，车站）
②get也可表示“到达”，是不及物动词，后接介词to,再加宾语 ③reach是及物动词，后面直接可以带宾语 后接地点副词时，不加介词in,at,to
例 We arrive__ the Baiyun Airport five minutes late. A,in B,/ C,at D,on
arrive late for...意为“（做）...迟到”，相对于be late for
2,Don’t fight.禁止打架。
fight作动词，意为“战斗，打架，争吵”
如：She doesn’t want to fight with her mother.她不想和她母亲吵架。
They often fight with other children.他们经常和别的孩子斗殴。
拓展 fight against 与...作战，为反对...斗争，fight for为...而战斗（后接表示自由、真理、权利、国家等的名词）
We have to fight against difficulties,我们不得不同困难作斗争。 They fight for their country.他们为祖国而战斗。
3，And we always have to wear the school uniform.并且我们必须一直穿着校服。
① have to表示客观的需要或责任，意为“不得不，必须”，后接动词原形。have to有人称、数、 时态的变化，其第三人称单数形式为has to,构成否定句或疑问句时借助助动词do/does. 如 It’s raining heavily.We have to stay at home.正在下大雨，我们只好待在家里。 Does she have to do any housework at the weekend?周末她们得做家务吗？ ②must 表示说话人主观上的看法，意为“必须”。没有人称、时态和数的变化。 You must buy a ticket to go into the cinema.你必须买票进电影院。 You must listen to the teacher in class.课堂上你必须听老师讲课。 提醒 have to 的否定式是don’t/doesn’t have to(不必要)
must的否定式是must not(一定不能，不允许)
如She doesn’t have to do all the homework.她不必做所有的作业。 You mustn’t put your bike here.你不允许把自行车放在这儿。
③Must I...的否定答语是“No,you needn’t.”或“No,you don’t have to.” 如 Must I clean the classroom now?我现在必须打扫教室吗？ No,you needn’t.不，你不必。
4，There are too many rules!有太多的规定了！
① too many意为太多，常用来修饰可数名词复数。
如 He has too many things in his bags.他包里有太多的东西。
②too much 中的too用在much之前，说明“多”的程度，意为“太多”，常用作副词或代词， 也可以用作形容词修饰不可数名词
如：Is watching TV too much good or bad for your health?电视看得太多对你的健康有益还是有害？ ③much too中的much用在too之前加强语气，意为“太、非常”，常用在副词或形容词前。 如He drives much too fast.他开车开得太快了。
It is much too cold.天气实在是太冷了。 例 I have ___books to read today.
A.too many B.too much C.much too D.very much
5,But I have to go to bed before 10:00但是我必须在10:00之前上床睡觉。 go to bed 意为“去睡觉”，强调动作。
如：I usually go to bed at ten o’clock.我通常在10点上床睡觉。 提醒：be in bed 意为“卧床；睡觉”，强调状态
例1 你应该早点上床睡觉。You should____ ____ ____early.
例2 我睡觉的时候别制造噪音。Don’t make noise when I ____ _____ ____
6,...but remember,they make rules to help us. ....但是记住，他们制定规则是为了帮助我们。 ①表示记住将要做某事，remember to do sth ; 表示记得曾经做过的事，remember doing sth He asks me to remember to turn off the light when I go to bed.他叫我睡觉前记得关灯。 I remember posting the letter.我记得把那封信寄出去了。
②remember A to B 表示“代A向B问好” 如：Please remember me to her.请代我向她问好。
例 Please remember _____ a new bike tomorrow.This is old. A.buy B. to buy C .buying D.buys
7,...I have to keep my hair short. ...我必须留短发。
keep是动词，意为“保留，保存，保持”，具体用法如下： ①keep+形容词，表示保持某种状态
You must keep quiet in the library.在图书馆你必须保持安静。 ②keep+sb/sth+形容词，表示使某人/某物保持某种状态
Mother always keeps the house tidy .妈妈总是让家里保持整洁。
Too much work keeps me busy and tired.太多的工作使我忙碌和疲惫。
③keep+名词/代词+介词短语 表示 让某人一直待在某地/一直把某物保存在某地 Keep him in the room until he gets well.让他待在房间直到病好为止。 ④keep sb.doing sth.表示“让某人继续/不断地做某事” He kept me waiting for an hour.他让我等了一个小时
⑤keep sb./sth from doing sth表示“阻止（防止）某人/某物做某事”
The heavy rain keeps the children from going out to play.孩子们因为大雨不能出去玩。
例 How long can I have your dictionary? _____it till next term.
A, Hold B,Take C,Return D,Keep
8,After school ,I can’t play with my friends or watch TV because I have to do my homework. 放学后，我不能和朋友一起玩、看电视，因为我必须做家庭作业。 这是一个否定句，句中的or有以下几种用法：
①并列结构中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。但有时and也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点：There is no air or water on the moon. There is no air and no water on the moon.
在否定句中并列的结构用or连接，但含有两个否定词的并列结构实际上被看做是肯定结构，故用and。
②or用于连接并列的单词、词组、短语或句子，表示“或者”的意思
We can visit the World Park or travel around the world.我们可以参观世界公园，或者周游全世界。 ③or用在选择疑问句中，灵活译为“还是” Is that an apple or an orange ?那是苹果还是桔子？
④or用于连接两个并列的句子，表示“否则，要不然”的意思 Hurry up,or you’ll be late.快点，否则你要迟到啦。 例 She can’t speak English ___ French. A,a lot B, and C,or D,no
翻译
school rules _______________ arrive late for class _______________ (be) on time _______________ in the hallways _____________ 在餐厅 _____________ 听音乐____________________
eat outside ______________ wear a hat _________________ a lot of ___________________ be late for class_____________ 不得不 __________________ 穿校服_____________________ 保持安静 _______________ keep my hair short ___________ relax on weekends __________ learn to play the piano_________ read a book________________ have fun ___________________ 在家_____________________ be on time for class_____________in class____________________ wear a uniform ________________梦想的学校____________ 不必______________________ go out _________________ practice the guitar __________________do the dishes_____________ help his mom make breakfast_______ on school nights ______ every Saturday____________ 放学以后 ______________ 在晚上 __________________________
单选
（ ）1. If you arrive late _______ class, you must say _______ to your teacher.
A. for, thanks B. for, sorry C. to, sorry （ ）2. — Can you sing in the classroom? — _________________
A. Yes, you can. B. No, I can. C. Yes, we can. （ ）3. Don’t arrive late. You must be ________ time.
A. to B. on C. at
（ ）4. Please listen _______ the teacher carefully (认真地).
A. to B. on C. at
（ ）5. Don’t _______ TV after class.
A. watch B. watches C. watching ( )6. —What are the school rules?
—We _______ listen to music in class.
A. don’t B. can’t C. aren’t ( )7. Don’t________ class.
A. be late B. late for C. be late for ( )8. There are ________ rules in our school.
A. a lots of B. a lot of C. lot of （ ）9. I have to _______ the room every morning.
A. clean B. cleans C. cleaning （ ）10. — Does she have to go to bed at 9:00? — Yes, she__________.
A. has B. have C. does
（ ）11. Don’t listen music in the classroom hallways.
A. to; and B. to; or C. at; or
（ ）12. She lost her bike. She _______ walk to school.
A. have to B. has to C. has
（ ）13. We ________to wear the school uniform every day.