发布时间 : 星期二 文章2019上海奉贤区英语二模试卷更新完毕开始阅读0f72c3b2974bcf84b9d528ea81c758f5f61f29b8
suit their genetic needs, and says “kids with high G will use their environment to develop their cognitive ability and choose friends who are like-minded. Children with (37) ______ to low G may choose less challenging pastimes and activities, further emphasizing their genetic legacy.”
Is there any way to interfere with the pattern? Perhaps. “The evidence of strong heritability（遗传可能性）doesn’t mean that there is nothing you can do about it,” says Susanne Jaeggi, “from our own work, the ones that started off with lower IQ scores had higher (38)______after training.”
Plomin suggests genetic differences may be more emphasized if all children share an identical curriculum instead of it being (39) ______ to children’s natural abilities. “My tendency would be to give everyone a good education, but put more effort into the lower end,” he says.
Intelligence researchers Paul Thompson agrees: “It shows that educators need to (40) ______ kids towards things drawing out their natural talents.”
III. Reading Comprehension Section A
Direction: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Open data-sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many researchers broadly agree that public access to raw data would promote science, most are (41) ______ to post the results of their own labours online.
Some communities have agreed to share online-geneticists, for example, post DNA sequences at the GenBank repository（库）, and astronomers are accustomed to (42) ______ images of galaxies and stars from, say, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a telescope that has observed some 500 million objects -- but these remain the (43)______, not the rule. Historically, scientists have (44) ______ sharing for many reasons: it is a lot of work; until recently, good databases did not exist; grant funders were not pushing for sharing; it has been difficult to agree on standards for formatting data; and there is no agreed way to assign credit for data.
But the (45) ______ are disappearing in part because journals and funding agencies worldwide are encouraging scientists to make their data (46) ______. Last year, the Royal Society in London said in its report that scientists need to “(47) ______ a research culture where data is viewed as private preserve”. Funding agencies note that data paid for with public money should be public information, and the scientific community is recognizing that data can now be shared online in ways that were not possible before. To match the growing demand, services are springing up to make it easier to publish research products (48)_______ and enable other researchers to discover and cite (引用) them.
Although calls to share data often concentrate on the (49) ______ advantages of sharing, the practice is not purely beneficial to others. Researchers who share get plenty of personal benefits, including more connections with colleagues, improved (50) ______ and increased citations. The most successful sharers -- those whose data are downloaded and cited the most often -- get noticed, and their work gets used. (51) ______, one of the most popular data sets on multidisciplinary repository Dryad is about wood density around the world; it has been (52) ______ 5,700 times. Co-author Amy Zanne thinks that users probably range from climate-change researchers wanting to estimate how much carbon is stored in biomass, to foresters looking for
高三英语调研试卷 第 5 页 共 12 页
information on different grades of' trees. “I’d much prefer to have my data used by the (53) ______ number of people to ask their own questions,” she says. “It’s important to allow readers and reviewers to see exactly how you arrive at your results. Publishing data and code allows your science to be (54) ______.”
Even people whose data are less popular can benefit. By making the effort to organize and label files so others can understand them, scientists can become more organized and better disciplined themselves, thus avoiding (55) ______ later on. 41. A. restricted 42. A. accessing 43. A. assumption 44. A. longed for 45. A. symptoms 46. A. controllable 48. A. secretly 49. A. material 50. A. visibility 52. A. downloaded 53. A. moderate 54. A. reversible 55. A. crisis
B. reluctant B. processing B. mystery B. appealed to B. barriers B. unique B. digitally B. individual B. awareness B. updated B. maximum B. profitable B. confusion
C. desperate C. analyzing C. exception C. focused on C. advantages C. reliable C. give rise to C. ethically C. moral C. condition C. For example C. optimized C. average C. reproducible C. risk
D. generous D. identifying D. phenomenon D. objected to D. consequences D. public D. build up D. fairly D. economic D. confidence D. After all D. addressed D. estimated D. recognizable D. conflict
47. A. shift away from B. end up with
51. A. On the contrary B. As a result
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
It was 1961 and I was in the fifth grade. My marks in school were miserable and, the thing was, I didn’t know enough to really care. My older brother and I lived with Mom in a humble house in Detroit. We watched TV every night.
But one day Mom changed our world forever. She turned off the TV. Our mother had only been able to get through third grade. But, she was much brighter and smarter than we boys knew at the time. She had noticed something in the suburban houses she cleaned--books. So she came home one day, snapped off the TV, sat us down and explained that her sons were going to make something of themselves. “You boys are going to read two books every week,” she said. “And you’re going to write a report on what you read.”
We complained about how unfair it was. Besides, we didn’t have any books in the house other than Mom’s Bible. But she explained that we would go where the books were regardless of how unwilling or even angry we were: “I’ll drive you to the library.”
高三英语调研试卷 第 6 页 共 12 页
So pretty soon there were these two peevish boys sitting in her car on their way to Detroit Public Library. I wandered reluctantly among the children’s books. I loved animals, so when I saw some books that seemed to be about animals, I started leafing through them.
The first book I read clear through was Chip the Dam Builder. It was about beavers. For the first time in my life I was lost in another world. No television program had ever taken me so far away from my surroundings as did this verbal visit to a cold stream in a forest and these animals building a home.
It didn’t dawn on me at the time, but the experience was quite different from watching TV. There were images forming in my mind instead of before my eyes. And I could return to them again and again with the flip of a page. Soon I began to look forward to visiting this quiet refuge from my other world.
Now my older brother is an engineer and I am a doctor. Sometimes I still can’t believe my life’s journey, from a failing and indifferent student in a Detroit public school to this position, which takes me all over the world to teach and perform critical surgery.
But I know when the journey began the day Mom snapped off the TV set and put us in her car for that drive to the library.
56. We can learn from the beginning of the passage that ______. A. the author and his brother had done well in school B. the author had been very concerned about his school work C. the author had spent much time watching TV after school D. the author had realized how important schooling was
57. According to the passage, which of the following words can best describe the author’s mother? A. Tolerant and decisive. B. Aggressive and open-minded. C. Determined and farsighted. D. Persistent and literate.
58. The underlined word “peevish” in the passage can be replaced by ______. A. naughty B. bad-tempered C. patient D. obedient
59. The author began to love books for the following reasons EXCEPT that ______. A. he could constantly review the plots in the books B. he could visualize what he read in his mind C. he could get many rewards from his mother D. he realized that books offered him new experience
高三英语调研试卷 第 7 页 共 12 页
(B)
NANCY DREW AND THE HIDDEN STAIRCASE (PG) Age 10+
Sparkling book adaptation has great characters, some scares.
“Nancy Drew and the Hidden Staircase” is based on a classic 1930 Nancy Drew mystery book and is aimed at teens and young teens. Although the story involves a politically motivated kidnapping and a supposedly haunted house, the scariest moment is during what turns out to be a dream sequence. Positive messages include courage and teamwork, and strong role models (mostly female) are at the center of the action. (89 minutes) WONDER PARK (PG) Age 8+
Imaginative but intense adventure deals with worry and fear.
“Wonder Park” is an animated adventure about an imaginative girl named June (voiced by Brianna Denski), who’s spent years dreaming up a magical amusement park named Wonderland with her mom (Jennifer Garner). You can expect plenty of action (including explosions and peril), as well as the looming presence of worry and sadness, since June is dealing with the fact that her mom has a serious illness. The film celebrates imagination, curiosity and perseverance, and it underlines the importance of not letting fear stop you from being yourself and doing what you love. (93 minutes)
CAPTIVE STATE (PG-13) Age 14+
Dark, disconnected but smart alien invasion movie.
“Captive State” is an alien-invasion movie set in a future Chicago. Some humans try to cooperate with the conquering aliens, while others try to rebel; there’s a very complex plan at the heart of the story. Violence is the biggest issue: Humans are killed, both vaporized by aliens and shot by guns. There are explosions, blood splatters, gory surgeries, gross alien effects, cyanide pills and lots of chaos and stress. The movie is more about its own big ideas than about characters or emotions, but it’s smart enough that it should please most teen and adult sci-fi fans. John Goodman and Vera Farmiga co-star. (109 minutes) FIVE FEET APART (PG-13) Age 13+
Strong acting saves predictable, sentimental love story.
“Five Feet Apart” is based on the best-selling YA novel about Will (Cole Sprouse) and Stella (Haley Lu Richardson), two hospitalized 17-year-olds with cystic fibrosis (囊胞性纤维症) who fall in love. The story promotes treasuring those closest to you and has themes of perseverance and empathy. (115 minutes)
60. If you are hooked on science fictions, which movie will you prefer according to the passage? A. WONDER PARK. B. NANCY DREW AND THE HIDDEN STAIRCASE. C. FIVE FEET APART. D. CAPTIVE STATE. 61. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
高三英语调研试卷 第 8 页 共 12 页