发布时间 : 星期二 文章外研版必修42020-2021年新高考英语一轮复习Module4GreatScientists学案更新完毕开始阅读0fad482a760bf78a6529647d27284b73f342360b
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favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil while reading about other people’s observations and discoveries. Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind. This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books，which some might honour with the title of scientific research.
But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist：One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is self-discipline, a quality I lack. A scientist requires not only self-discipline but all training, determination and a goal. A scientist, up to a point, can be made. A naturalist is born. If you can combine the two, you get the best of both worlds.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过自身的经历明白了一个道理：博物学家是天生的，而科学家则是可以后天培养的。
1．What impressed the author deeply during his childhood? A．Wildlife. C．Languages.
B．Music. D．Literature.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and almost all the insects.”可知，作者在童年时，印象深刻的是那些野生生物，故选A。
2．Why can’t the author remember his relatives clearly? A．He didn’t live with them for long. B．The family was extremely large.
C．He was fully occupied with observing nature. D．He was too young when he lived with them.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and almost all the insects.”可推知，作者童年时期过于专注自然界而对周围的亲戚并不是很在意，所以没有深刻的印象，这与第四段第二句中的“I have a strong love of the natural world”呼应，故选C。
3．According to the author, what personality should a born naturalist have first of all?
A．Being knowledgeable. B．Being self-discipline. C．Being full of ambition. D．Being full of enthusiasm.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段前两句“I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied
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investigations.”可知，作者从小热爱自然界，而且这种热情使作者做了很多不同的调查，成了一个博物学家。由此可推知，一个天生的博物学家首先要充满热情，故选D。
4．Why does the author say he is a naturalist, not a scientist? A．He thinks he lacks some quality required of a scientist. B．He thinks he has much trouble doing mental arithmetic. C．He thinks he comes up with solutions in a most natural way. D．He thinks he just reads about other people’s observations.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist：One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is self-discipline, a quality I lack.”可知，作者认为自己只是一个博物学家而不是一个科学家是因为自己缺乏成为科学家的某种必备的素质，故选A。
B
(2020·合肥第二次质检)
In today’s society, language plays a key role in defining gender(性别) by vocabulary, and also the non-verbal(非语言的) vocabulary. Each one of these different types of ways of communicating is obviously different between men and women.
Many different studies show that men tend to talk much more than women. It has also been proven that women tend to speak faster than men. This is due to the fact that women tend to be interrupted more often than men are, and also have the ability to speak more clearly, precisely, and more quickly than men. In one study it was found that women spoke for an average of three minutes describing a painting, as opposed to the thirteen-minute average it took men to describe it.
Men and women also tend to have a very different nonverbal way of communicating, which can also make it very hard for one another to understand what the opposite sex is trying to say. Men’s body language is much more reserved when they are talking to women. Men tend not to make as much eye contact and they generally stay farther away from women when talking to them. Men avoid other people’s body space while talking, and they also tend to sit back when talking. All of these have given off the impression of disinterest or boredom. Women are by far better listeners and much
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more enjoyable to talk with and they tend to raise more topics for conversation.
Women also make it clearer whether or not the conversation is going somewhere or just stuck in neutral. After learning about our styles of communicating with each other, I have decided that although men have not quite mastered communicating, what fun would it be if we all spoke the same “language”？ The little games men and women play with each other while conversing would be lost. The question everyone asks himself or herself after talking with someone of the opposite sex, “I wonder if there’s something there？” would no longer exist.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文，主要介绍了男性和女性因性别差异而导致在沟通方式上也有所不同的现象。
5．What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The differences between men’s and women’s languages. B．The different speed of men’s and women’s speech. C．The ability of men’s and women’s spoken language. D．The non-verbal vocabulary of men and women.
B 解析：代词指代题。由This承接第二段中的“It has also been proven that women tend to speak faster than men.”可知，此处的This指代女性比男性说话快的现象，故选B。
6．In what way do men and women differ according to the third paragraph? A．Speed of understanding. B．Understanding of speech roles. C．Politeness of communication. D．Application of body language.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的整体内容，尤其是该段第二句“Men’s body language is much more reserved when they are talking to women.”可推知，本段主要讲的是男性和女性在非语言表达方式上的不同，即肢体语言使用上的差异，故选D。
7．What is the author’s attitude to the differences between men’s and women’s communication?
A．Cautious. C．Ambiguous.
B．Favorable. D．Skeptical.
B 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段第二句和第三句“After learning about our styles of communicating with each other, I have decided that although men have not quite mastered communicating, what fun would it be if we all spoke the same ‘language’？ The little games men and women play with each other while conversing
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would be lost.”可推知，作者对男性和女性在沟通的差异性上持赞成态度，故选B。cautious“谨慎的”；favorable“赞成的”；ambiguous“模棱两可的”；skeptical“怀疑的”。
8．What is the best title for the text? A．Women, Born Excellent Talkers B．Men’s and Women’s Social Roles C．Vocabulary and Communication D．Opposite Gender, Different Language
D 解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段的话题导入，并结合全文的整体内容可推知，本文主要讲的是男性和女性因性别差异而导致在沟通方式上也有所不同，故选D。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020·武汉调研)One of the areas of our body which conveys most about how we feel is how we move our hands and arms. 1.________， but most often they occur unconsciously and naturally.
2．________. Open hands and arms, especially extended, and with hands up in front of the body at chest height, indicates that what you’re saying is important and, especially when people are speaking in public, a pointing finger or a hand waving above the shoulders stresses a personal point. However, research shows that people often find speakers who point their fingers a lot rather annoying.
Openness or honesty. 3.________， they will often hold one or both of their hands out to the other person. Footballers who have just committed a foul (犯规) often use this gesture to try to convince the referee that they didn’t do it.
Nervousness. If a person puts his hand to his mouth, this either indicates that he is hiding something, or that he is nervous. 4.________， and so does holding a bag or briefcase very tightly in front of the body.
Feeling defensive. Arms folded tightly over the chest is a classic gesture of defensiveness and indicates that you are protecting yourself. It is often seen among strangers in queues or in lifts or anywhere where people feel a bit insecure. People also sometimes use this gesture when they are listening to someone, to show that they disagree with what is being said. 5.________！
A．Saying something important
B．When people want to be open or honest
C．Hand and arm gestures are sometimes intentional
D．But this gesture can simply mean that the person is cold