发布时间 : 星期日 文章45万吨年甲醇精馏系统毕业设计最终版更新完毕开始阅读10255972f61fb7360a4c656c
题目
毕业设计
200kt/a合成氨转化工段工艺设计 姓 名： 张彬杉 学 号： 11160118 专 业： 化学工程与工艺 班 级: 11级1班 日 期： 2015年6月1日 指导 教师： 李春雷 教授
摘要
甲醇最早由木材和木质素干馏制的，故俗称木醇，这是最简单的饱和脂肪组醇类的代表物。近年来，世界甲醇的生产能力发展速度较快。甲醇工业的迅速发展，是由于甲醇是多种有机产品的基本原料和重要的溶剂，广泛用于有机合成、染料、医药、涂料和国防等工业。由甲醇转化为汽油方法的研究成果，从而开辟了由煤转换为汽车燃料的途径。近年来碳一化学工业的发展，甲醇制乙醇、乙烯、乙二醇、甲苯、二甲苯、醋酸乙烯、醋酐、甲酸甲酯和氧分解性能好的甲醇树脂等产品，正在研究开发和工业化中。甲醇化工已成为化学工业中一个重要的领域。
本设计选择了以45万t/a甲醇精馏的产量作为生产计算与设计的任务，参考了河南永城永煤集团龙宇煤化工甲醇厂甲醇精馏的工艺，本设计从工艺角度对其生产过程和主要设备进行了物料衡算、塔设备简捷法计算、热量衡算、换热器设计等工艺计算。
关键词：甲醇，精馏，物料衡算，热量衡算
Abstrac
In the paper Methanol is made of wood and lignin carbonization, the earliest is commonly known as wood alcohol, this is the most simple saturated fat group representatives of alcohol content. In recent years, the world of methanol production capacity development faster. The rapid development of the methanol industry, because methanol is a variety of basic raw material and important solvent of organic products, widely used in organic synthesis, dye, medicine, coating and defense industries. Method by methanol into gasoline research achievements, thus opened up by the way of coal into a car fuel. In recent years, the development of c1 chemical industry, methanol to ethanol, ethylene glycol, toluene, xylene, vinyl acetate, acetic anhydride, methyl formate and oxygen resin products such as methanol decomposition good performance, is in research, development and industrialization. Methanol chemical industry has become an important field in the chemical industry.
This design chose to the output of 450000 t/a methanol distillation as production calculation and design tasks, refer to the city always in henan wing coal group, long yu chemical methanol factory of methanol distillation process, the design from the perspective of technology, the production process and main equipment for the material balance, the tower equipment simple method of calculation, heat balance calculation, heat exchanger design process. Keywords: methanol, distillation, material balance, heat balance
目 录
1 总论 ································································································································· 1 1.1 概况 ······························································································································· 1 1.1.1 甲醇的用途 ············································································································ 1 1.1.2甲醇精馏工艺技术比较 ·························································································· 1 1.1.3 甲醇精馏工艺的概况 ····························································································· 4 1.2 精馏的目的和原理和精馏塔的操作和调节 ·································································· 5 1.2.1 粗甲醇的组成与精制要求 ···················································································· 5 1.2.2 工艺原理 ·············································································································· 7 1.2.3 影响因素 ·············································································································· 9 1.2.4 精馏塔的产品质量控制和调节 ·········································································· 11 1.3 甲醇的主要技术规格 ·································································································· 11 1.3.1 甲醇的一般性质 ································································································· 11 1.3.2 甲醇的沸点和蒸汽压 ························································································· 13 1.3.3 甲醇-水系统的性质 ···························································································· 13 1.4 甲醇精馏工艺流程说明 ······························································································ 14 1.4.1 预精馏系统 ········································································································· 14 1.4.2 加压精馏系统 ····································································································· 15 1.4.3 常压精馏系统 ····································································································· 15 2甲醇精馏生产工艺设计及计算 ······················································································ 16 2.1 计算参数 ····················································································································· 16 2.2预精馏塔工艺计算 ······································································································· 17 2.2.1物料衡算 ············································································································· 17 2.2.2全塔高度和塔径的确定······················································································· 18 2.3加压精馏塔工艺计算 ··································································································· 19 2.3.1物料衡算 ············································································································· 19 2.3.2热量衡算 ············································································································· 22 2.3.3理论塔板数计算 ·································································································· 23 2.3.4精馏塔主要尺寸的设计计算 ··············································································· 25 2.3.5填料的选择 ·········································································································· 30 2.3.6塔径设计的计算 ·································································································· 30 2.3.7填料层高度的计算 ······························································································ 32
2.3.8全塔高度的确定 ·································································································· 33 2.4常压精馏塔工艺计算 ··································································································· 35 2.4.1物料衡算 ············································································································· 35 2.4.2热量衡算 ············································································································· 38 2.4.3理论塔板数计算 ·································································································· 39 2.4.4精馏塔主要尺寸的设计计算 ··············································································· 41 2.4.5填料的选择 ·········································································································· 46 2.4.6塔径设计的计算 ·································································································· 46 2.4.7填料层高度的计算 ······························································································ 47 2.4.8全塔高度的确定 ·································································································· 48 2.4.9全塔高度的确定 ·································································································· 51 2.5粗甲醇预热器 ·············································································································· 57 2.5.1计算定性温度，确定物理常数 ··········································································· 57 2.5.2求温差修正系数 ·································································································· 58 2.5.3计算所需的传热面积 ·························································································· 58 2.5.4分别计算管程和壳程的传热系数 ······································································· 59 2.5.5管壁温度tw ········································································································· 61 2.5.6计算管、壳程的压力降······················································································· 62 2.6泵的选型 ······················································································································ 64 2.6.1泵的类型、系列和型号的确定 ··········································································· 64 2.6.2轴封型式的确定 ·································································································· 65 参考文献 ···························································································································· 66 英文翻译 ···························································································································· 67 致 谢 ···························································································································· 69