发布时间 : 星期日 文章新GRE中Issue分类，合并以及翻译更新完毕开始阅读105f9dc408a1284ac850438e
教育类：
第1组：通才VS专才 （6，14，96，116）
A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.
在进行大学教育以前，国家应该要求所有的学生学习统一的国家课程。
（13，46，70，102，112，140）
Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study.
大学应该要求每个学生选修自己专业以外的各种学科。
（24，29，52）
The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones. 教育的最佳方式是赞扬积极的行为，忽视消极的行为。 37
Society should identify those children who have special talents and provide training for them at an early age to develop their talents.
社会应该甄别那些天资聪颖的孩子，并且年幼的时候就开始提供训练培养它们的才能。 54
In order to become well-rounded individuals, all college students should be required to take courses in which they read poetry, novels, mythology, and other types of imaginative literature. 为了成为全面发展的个体，应该要求所有的大学生选择可以阅读诗歌、小说、神话等想象力文学的课程。
（82，97，100，124）
Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country.
学院或大学应该要求学生在国外至少留学一个学期。 142
Claim: Colleges and universities should specify all required courses and eliminate elective courses in order to provide clear guidance for students.
Reason: College students—like people in general—prefer to follow directions rather than make their own decisions.
结论：为了给学生提供一个明确的方向，学院和大学应该指定所有的必修课程，移除选修课程。
原因：和大众一样，大学生更喜欢按部就班，不喜欢自己做决定。
第2组：工作VS兴趣 （15，135）
Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study that will prepare them for lucrative careers.
教育机构应该积极鼓励学生选择那些为将来高收入工作铺路的研究领域。
（20，32，129）
College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field. 大学生应该选择那些容易找到工作的研究领域。 39
College students should be encouraged to pursue subjects that interest them rather than the courses that seem most likely to lead to jobs.
应该鼓励大学生选择自己感兴趣的课程，而不是那些容易找到工作的课程。 40
Claim: When planning courses, educators should take into account the interests and suggestions of their students.
Reason: Students are more motivated to learn when they are interested in what they are studying. 结论：在编制教学课程时，教育工作者应该考虑学生的兴趣和建议。 原因：当学生对所学的内容感兴趣时，他们学习的动力更强。 47
Educators should find out what students want included in the curriculum and then offer it to them. 教育工作者应该发掘学生对课程的需求，并满足他们。
（51，71）
Young people should be encouraged to pursue long-term, realistic goals rather than seek immediate fame and recognition.
应该鼓励年轻人追寻长期的、现实的目标，而不是寻求短期的声名。 90
Educators should take students' interests into account when planning the content of the courses they teach.
在编制教学内容时，教育工作者应该考虑学生的兴趣。 92
Educators should base their assessment of students' learning not on students' grasp of facts but on the ability to explain the ideas, trends, and concepts that those facts illustrate. 在评估学生的学习情况时，教育工作者应该关注学生是否能够解释所学知识阐明的思想、趋势和概念，而不是是否牢记知识。
（98，136）
Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study in which
jobs are plentiful.
教育机构应该鼓励大学生选择那些就业前景好的研究领域。
第3组：教育的目的 （3，35，137）
Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.
教育机构有责任劝阻学生不要从事不太可能成功的科学研究。
（17，68）
Formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free. 正规教育往往遏制学生的思维和精神，而不是解放思维和精神。
第4组：教育者VS学生 （30，83）
Teachers' salaries should be based on their students' academic performance. 教师的薪水应该基于学生的学业成绩。 73
Colleges and universities should require all faculty to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach.
学院和大学应该要求所有的教员拿出时间，参与学术界以外与教学科目相关的领域工作。
第5组：家长，社会和教育 （81，95）
All parents should be required to volunteer time to their children's schools. 所有的家长都必须无偿地为子女的学校花费时间。
第6组：历史的作用 57
The main benefit of the study of history is to dispel the illusion that people living now are significantly different from people who lived in earlier times.
研究历史的最大益处在于打破这样的幻想：现代人和历史上的人有很大不同。
（74，133，134）
The most effective way to understand contemporary culture is to analyze the trends of its youth. 了解当代文化最有效的方式是分析当代年轻人的潮流。 119
When old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes, modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historic
buildings.
当现代规划者认为历史建筑物所在地可以用作现代开发时，相比历史建筑的保护，现代开发应该放在首位。
第7组：知识VS经验 33
As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but more complex and mysterious.
当人们获得越来越多的知识时，事情非但没有变得更加透彻，反而更加复杂神秘。 48
Educators should teach facts only after their students have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts.
学生应该先学习有助于解释知识的理念、趋势和概念后，教育工作者再教学生知识。 87
Claim: Any piece of information referred to as a fact should be mistrusted, since it may well be proven false in the future.
Reason: Much of the information that people assume is factual actually turns out to be inaccurate. 结论：任何被称作事实的信息都应该被怀疑，因为它们很可能在将来被证明是错误的。 原因：很多被人们称作是事实的信息结果是错误的。
第8组：借鉴VS创新 （8，111，149）
In any profession—business, politics, education, government—those in power should step down after five years.
如商业、政治、教育、政府，在任何领域中的掌权者应该在五年后就让位。 9
In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to make a significant contribution without first being strongly influenced by past achievements within that field.
任何研究领域，如果不首先接受该领域中过去成就的影响，就不可能会有意义重大的成功。 27
In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important contributions. 在所有的研究领域中，新手要比专家更有可能获得重要的发现。 61
People should undertake risky action only after they have carefully considered its consequences. 人们在从事危险活动之前应该认真地考虑一下后果。 103