发布时间 : 星期一 文章(word完整版)外研版高中英语必修三Module1-Europe基本知识更新完毕开始阅读127709ea74eeaeaad1f34693daef5ef7ba0d1295
eg. The beautiful gives pleasure to people.
③“the＋表示国籍、民族的形容词”可以表示该国全体人民，这一结构做主语时。 eg. The Chinese are a brave and hardworking people. (2)主语是形复意复的词
①某些具有抽象意义的复数名词做主语时。 eg. Things are getting worse and worse. The surroundings are usually quiet here. ②“one or two＋复数名词”做主语时。 eg. There are one or two tickets left.
③glasses，compasses，trousers 等由两部分连成一体的名词做主语时。 eg. My trousers are worn out.
若前面有 pair 等物量词，则谓语由该物量词的形式决定。 eg. There is a pair of compasses on the desk. There are two pairs of glasses needing to be repaired. 3．谓语用单数或复数均有可能
(1)表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词被看做整体时，谓语用单数。 eg. Ten dollars is what he needs. 和 Twenty kilometres isn't a short distance. 若侧重于一个个的个体，则用复数。
eg. Five years have passed since I joined the League. (2)and 连接并列的名词做主语时，谓语一般用复数。 eg. Reading and writing are both very important.
Hard work and plain living (艰苦和朴素) are the fine qualities of a person.
若该结构表示一个单一的概念或指同一人、物时，谓语用单数，但这时两个名词前加一个冠词。
eg. The maths teacher and class teacher(班主任数学老师) is very strict with us. Bread and butter(涂有黄油的面包)is their daily food.
Hard work and plain living(艰苦朴素)is a weapon with which we have won one victory after another.
(3)family，class，group，team，crowd，crew，enemy，committee，population 等集合名词做主语时，若强调整个集体，谓语用单数。 eg. The population of China is large.中国人口众多。 若强调集体中的各个成员，谓语用复数。
eg. Nearly 80% of the population of China are farmers.中国将近80%的人口是农民。 (4)what，which，who，some，any，more，most，all 等词做主语时，谓语动词的数根据实际意义确定。
eg. All is silent.万籁俱寂。(all 指代整个情况、事件时是单数)
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All are silent.所有的人都不做声。(all 指代人或物时，是复数)
(5)none 做主语时，若指代可数名词，谓语用单数和复数均可以；若指代不可数名词，谓语用单数。
(6)“half of，part of，most of，eighty percent of，one third of，the rest of＋名词/代词”做主语时，谓语根据后面的名词或代词而定。 eg. Most of the people agree with us. Most of the money is spent on clothes.
(7)单复数同形的名词做主语时，谓语动词要根据主语的意义而定 eg. All means have been tried. Every means has been tried.
(8)在四则运算中，加(add/plus)、乘(times/multiply)后面的谓语动词用单、复数均可，减(minus/subtract)、除(divide)后面的谓语动词只能用单数。 eg. Three plus three makes/make six. Thirty-five divided by five is seven.
(四)谓语与相邻的那个主语一致（就近原则）
(1)either...or，neither...nor，not only...but also，not...but，or 等连接两个并列的主语时，谓语须与靠近的那一个主语一致。 eg. Either you or I am wrong. Are neither you nor he for the plan?
(2)在 here is，there is 或其他状语提前的倒装句中，谓语动词的形式也适用邻近原则。 eg. Here is a pen and two pieces of paper for you. 5．主谓一致的其他情况
(1)在强调结构中，当被强调部分是主语时，从句中的谓语须与被强调词一致。 eg. It is I who am to answer for her safety.
(2)定语从句中的谓语动词在意义上应与先行词一致。 eg. Do you know the girls who are soldiers?
【注】：①当先行词为“one of＋名词复数”时，定语从句中的谓语动词用复数。
eg. She is one of the girls who have passed the exam.（先行词为girls）
②当先行词为“the(only)one of＋名词复数”时，定语从句中的谓语动词用单数。 eg. She is the only one of the girls who has passed the exam. (3)“many a/more than one＋单数可数名词”做主语时谓语用单数。 eg. Many a student has joined the League recently.
(4)“the number of＋名词复数”做主语时谓语用单数。译为“…的数量” “a number of＋名词复数”做主语时谓语用复数。译为“大量的” eg. The number of the students in our school is larger than that in their school. A number of people are against the proposal.
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主谓一致练习：
1. Large quantities of water ____every day here while it is in great need in some faraway area. A. are being wasted B. is wasted C. have been wasted D. was wasted 2. The writer and actor ____ invited to give us a report yesterday. A. are B. have been C. was D. were
3. Zhang’s family ____ rather big and his family ____ fond of music.
A. is; are B. is; is C. are; is D. are; are 4. ____ of the land in that district ____ covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifths; are C. Two fifth; are D. Two fifths; is 5. Three hours ___ enough for us to finish the task. A. are B. has C. is D. were 6. His cattle _____ very fat. A. is B. have C. has D. are
7. The audience ____ large and the audience ____ enjoying every minute of the play. A. are, is B. is, have C. is has D. is are
8. Where ____ my jeans? I can’t find them. A. is B. are C. was D. were 9. The surroundings ______ ugly and dirty. I don’t like to live here. A. was B. were C. is D. are
10. There ____ a watch and chain on the table. A. have B. has C. are D. is 11. Skating and swimming ____ my favorite sports when I was young. A. is B. are C. was D. were
12. All ______ ready for the Christmas party and all ____ eager to enjoy the ball. A. was, is B. is were C. is, are D. are, is
13. Not only his children but also his wife _____ to visit the zoo. A. likes B. like C. has liked D. have liked
14. Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else ______ willing to do this work. A. are B. is C. am D. has
15. Bob, as much as his brothers, ________ responsible for the accident. A. was B. were C. had D. are
16. Tom, more than anyone else, _____ anxious to go to China again. A. is B. are C. has being D. have being
17. Jane is one of the best students in her class who ______ by their teacher. A．are praised
B．is praised C．praised
D．praise
18. Mr. Smith, along with his assistants, __on the project all day to meet the deadline. A. work B. working C. is working D. are working
19. When I came in, his family _____ watching TV. A. are B. is C. were D. was 20. Many a student ______ the importance of learning a foreign language.
A. have realized B. has realized C. have been realized D. has been realized
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Part 2 The Passive Voice 被动语态
一、被动语态的构成形式： 1. 被动语态的基本时态变化
1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时 2） has /have been done 现在完成时 3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时 4） was/were done 一般过去时 5） had been done 过去完成时 6） was/were being done 过去进行时 7） shall/will be done 一般将来时 8） should/would be done 过去将来时 2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式
1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。 eg. The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.
2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。
eg. His mother gave him a present for his birthday.
可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.
3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。 eg. Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.
可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
4）在使役动词have, make,let以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。 eg. Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。 eg. The meeting is to be put off till Friday.
3. 非谓语动词的被动语态： -ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态。 eg. I don't like being laughed at in the public. 二、 如何使用被动语态
1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省 by 短语)。 eg. My bike was stolen last night. 2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。
eg. I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer. 3. 为了更好地安排句子。
eg. The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了）
三、 It is said that+从句及其他类似句型
一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.”。
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