发布时间 : 星期一 文章电动汽车充电系统及控制器外文文献翻译最新译文更新完毕开始阅读17760ea627d3240c8447efc2
文献出处:Pollet G. The research of electric car charging system and controller [J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2015, 5(3): 235-249. 原文
The research of electric car charging system and controller
Pollet G
Abstract
This paper puts forward the whole bridge main circuit topology and PWM control method effectively improves the reliability of the charging system and efficiency. Put forward and realized based on digital signal processing chip controller circuit intelligent PI control algorithm and variable parameters, significantly improve the control precision of the charging system voltage, current and response characteristics. Double proposes a CAN bus and RS - 485 bus communication network, realized the distributed control of the process of charging, the charging operation is flexible and reliable. Due to be able to provide a communication interface to battery management system and algorithm, charging system according to the state change of battery charging mode, optimizing the charging mode. The success of the charging system has important theoretical significance and engineering value. Keywords: Electric cars; Charging system, PWM, Intelligent PI, Distributed control 1 Introduction
Electric car, it is all or part of the electric drive system of power car, compared with conventional cars powered by gasoline as, electric cars in such aspects as environmental protection, clean, energy-saving occupy obvious advantages. Now each big international automobile manufacturer have invested a lot of money and manpower to electric car research and development, a variety of the electric car prototype appeared frequently, some have reached high industrialization scale. Now the development of the electric car industry has formed a hybrid vehicles, pure battery-powered electric vehicles (electric cars) and three main direction of fuel cell electric vehicles. Pure electric vehicle itself is not harmful gas emissions, can make full use of surplus power in the evening, improve the efficiency of energy utilization, and improve the economic benefit. Pure electric vehicles completely eliminate
emissions of the vehicle running, fully use of secondary energy electricity, in line with the energy sustainable utilization strategy, along with the progress of the technical level, the pure electric vehicles has a broad development prospects. But at present, the development of the battery and charging system can't satisfy the requirement of electric cars, there are some theoretical and technical problems have yet to be research, serious lack of relevant standards and norms, has become the bottleneck of affecting the development of electric vehicles.
2 The current situation of the electric vehicle charging system
At the beginning of last century, as the secondary battery research is successful, and matching charging system arises at the historic moment. The charging system using the conventional charging method, which is USES small current for a long time to recharge battery. This way of charge due to the charging time is too long, can not meet the requirement of the electric cars and so on, the demand of the quick charge. Widely at home and abroad to carry out the study of fast charging system. Fast charging system produce roughly experienced three stages of development: (l) Groping stage
Is the earliest in the 50 s of the last century, the United States as a result of the need of military, began to study fast charging technology, made the metal rectifying shape fast charging system, for 6 to 24 v lead-acid battery quick charging, the weight of 40 kg, have fast, medium and slow three charging modes. (2) The theory research stage
1967 U.S. troops (Mas) have bubbles in the process of charging is studied, find the reason and law of gas, on the premise of minimum gas rate and find out the maximum charging current of battery can accept and acceptable charging current curve, discusses the theory of quick charge battery, and on the basis of practice, put forward the basic rules of quick charge battery. (3) The practical application stage
McCulloch electronic companies in the United States in 1970 made the lead-acid battery quick charging system, for 500A to 190AH battery charging current, and in 1200A discharge to deal with the polarization current for short periods of time, the
results 30 minutes to put the battery is good. In addition to the United States, such as Japan, other countries such as Britain, France, Germany, the former Soviet Union also has different degree of development in rapid charging technology. Britain's associated company invented \control system, effectively control the powder charging when the amount of energy needed, overcome existing corona charging system and friction type charging system caused various problems, to solve the \shielding effect\and \ionization effect\
At present the batteries of electric cars in use process, because of the limitation of the voltage of the power battery energy and need to adopt more battery in series combination, and power battery characteristics of highly nonlinear, individual difference is very big, therefore become the electric car battery management system, a necessary device. The most basic function of BMS is to monitor the working state of the battery (voltage, current and temperature of the battery), prediction of power battery (SOC) of battery capacity, battery management to avoid over discharge, overcharge, overheating and serious imbalance between monomer battery voltages, maximize battery storage capacity and cycle life.
Current of the electric vehicle charging system is not very good with a serious defect currently has been relatively mature and supporting the use of on-board BMS system, charging system is either not provide communication interface with BMS, or communication interface is not compatible with popular now BMS interface. BMS system has the most comprehensive, full of battery state of real-time data, if you can provide the charging system and its communication interface, can fundamentally solve the current charging system in the process of charging the battery status change resulting in without understanding the state of the battery charged blindly charging, thus reduce battery life.
In addition, as the core of the electric vehicle charging system, the existing charging controller, the control process are mostly based on analog signal processing, and its control structure is a centralized control structure. The traditional charging system boundary is not clear, complex structure and each subsystem is unitized degree
is very low. Its applied electromagnetic environment, all kinds of high frequency signals could easily lead to serious interference of microcomputer control charging system failure. In the past, often using analog signal for each signal transmission is between the control systems. Various kinds of interference signal into analog signals, it is easy to lead to failure of the control system, its structure and the process may not apply to the requirement of the distributed control and the whole process of the digital processing requirements.
3 The function of the electric vehicle charging system requirements
The charging system in addition to providing communication interface with BMS, received by the BMS battery status parameters of transfer function, extract energy from power supply and charging system is passed to the battery in the right way, so as to set up between power supply and battery power conversion interface. Charging system is usually performed by the power conversion unit and process control of controller. The basic properties of the charging system requirements include the following:
Security: electric vehicle charging, how to ensure that personnel's personal safety and the safety of the battery is very important. Easy to use: charging system should have high intelligence, operators don't need too much intervention in the charging process. Cost economy: economic and cheap charging system helps to reduce the cost of the whole electric cars, improve operation efficiency, and promote the commercialization of electric vehicles. High efficiency: efficiency is one of the most important requirements for modern charging system; the efficiency of the energy efficiency of high and low for the electric car has a huge impact. Low pollution to the power supply: the power electronic technology of the charging system is a kind of highly nonlinear devices, will produce harmful to the supply network and other electrical equipment of the harmonic pollution, moreover, because of the charging system power factor is low, the charging system load increases, its effect on the supply network also not allow to ignore. 4 EV charging method 4.1 Constant current charging