发布时间 : 星期二 文章语法系列：句子成分及五大基本句式全解+练习（附答案）更新完毕开始阅读179dec1055270722192ef7a5
简单句的五种基本句型，并列句和复合句
Wang Hansong简单句简析
不论看上去有多纷繁庞杂的英语句子，删繁就简之后得到的基本框架皆是由五种基本句式组合而成。故了解并熟知英语简单句的五种基本句式是理解所有单复句（单句，并列句，复合句，复杂句）的最重要的前提保证；它同时也是学好各大英语语法的必备条件。
简单句的基本句型
构成英语句子最重要最基本的组成部分是主语和谓语两大部分。而这两部分需要由不同功能的词性充当，故了解各种词性的功能成为首要任务。下面是常见几种词性的主要功能简介：（记住各类词性的英文缩写。） 1. 名词n.：主语，宾语，表语；宾语补足语 2. 代词pron.; 主语，宾语，表语；（宾语补足语-不多见） 3. 动词v.（包括及物动词Vt和不及物动词Vi）：谓语，（非谓语-此章节不涉及） 4 形容词adj.：表语，定语，（有时也可以充当状语）-- 通常修饰名词或代词 5 副词adv.：状语（通常修饰动词，形容词，副词；有时也修饰介词短语） 6 连词conj.：起到连接两个或两个以上的句子成分或句子的功能。 7 冠词art.：定语，通常修饰名词
了解并熟知常见词性的主要功能，就能够为我们快速抓住句子的主干部分及理解长难句奠定良好的基础。所以我们平时在背单词时，务必要理解并记忆其词性。有了这个先决条件，再来学习并运用下面的五种基本句式就简单多了。 1. S十Vi 主谓结构
2. S十Vt十O 主谓宾结构 3. S十LinkV十P 主系表结构
4. S十Vt十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 5. S十Vt十O十OC 主谓宾+宾补结构
解读：（1）S＝主语；V＝谓语；LinkV=系动词; P＝表语；O＝宾语；
O1＝间接宾语（通常指人）；O2＝直接宾语（常指物）；OC＝宾语补足语）
（2）仔细观察以上五种基本句式，我们不难发现，各句式中的谓语动词类别并不完全一样。因此也提醒我们在背单词过程中，针对动词要有意识的去了解动词的类别，辨清是linkV, Vt还是Vi 五种基本句式解析
1： S十Vi 主谓结构 (Vi通常不接宾语；也无被动语态)。此句式后往往会用一些时间，地点，频率，程度，方式等状语修饰，以使句意更加明晰。 1) 主语常用以下词性或词形充当: n. / pron. / doing / to do / clause 2) 用作谓语的常见不及物动词（或短语）有：appear, sit, apologize, arrive, come, go, die, disappear, exist; fall, rise ; occur, happen, take place, come about, break out; come out, come up, go out等等。Eg: (1) Mr. Black disappeared suddenly.
(2) The old nation has existed about one thousand years.．
(3) Great Changes have taken place in our country since the 1990s ． (4) Some good ideas came up at the meeting yesterday. Exx：(Tip：先抽出句子主干翻译，再在适当位置添译附加成分) 1) 我们班的每一位同学现在学习都很努力。_____________________________________
2) 我们学校的大部分班主任通常5:20就起床了。 _______________________________________ 3) 那场大火大概是前天下午三点爆发的。 _____________________________________ 2. S十Vt (短语)十O 主谓宾结构
有时句子中含有与宾语有关的状语。作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如：
1) We like sports．我们喜爱运动。
2) He knows what to do next．他知道下一步做什么。
3) He began learning English ten years ago．十年前他开始学英语。 4) I have decided to play the flute well．我已经决定把长笛吹好。
5) 我昨天与同班同学一起看了一部电影。_______________________________. 6) You place me in a difficult situation. ___________________________。
7) They finally managed to get along with us. ____________________________。 8）They have _______ _______ ______ of the children．这些孩子他们照看得很好。 17）I don’t like being treated like this.________________________________。（注: 少数不及物动词后面可以跟一个相同意义的名词作宾语，这样的宾语就叫做同源宾语。常见的能带同源宾语的动词有：lead, live, die, sleep, dream, breathe, smile, laugh, fight, run, sing等。例如：
1). Under the leadership of the Party, the peasants lead a happy life. 2). I dreamed a terrible dream last night.
3). Our soldiers fought a wonderful fight against the floods last August. 4). He died a glorious death. 3 : S十linkV十P主系表结构
1) He is an IT engineer．他是一位信息工程师。 2) The cloth feels smooth．这块布料手感细滑。
3) The river near my house looks more beautiful in the early morning. 我家附近的那条河在清晨看上去格外美丽。
** 这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类：
A. 表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, feel, taste, sound,
keep, remain, 等等。如：
4) We should ________ __________ any time. (保持谦虚)。
5) 这种食物尝起来很糟糕。___________________________________. B. 表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如：
6) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.
7) Don't have the food. _______________________________. (它已经变质了)。 8) The fact __________ ___________. 这个事实证明是正确的。 4. S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构，O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语
1) The old man gave the little boy some coins． 老人给了那个小男孩几个硬币。 2) Mr. Hardey teaches US European Literature． 哈代先生教我们欧洲文学。 3) His aunt bought him a book and several toys． 他婶婶给他买了一本书和几个玩具。
4) His praise gave US great encouragement． 他的表扬给了我们很大的鼓舞。
5) The programmer is showing us how to use the computer．程序员正在教我们如何使用电脑。
(这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”.) 如：
6）Yesterday her father __________ ______ _____ _______ as a birthday present. 昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。 7) The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March. ___________________________________________________。 这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型： A. 动词 ＋ 直接宾语 ＋ for sb.； B. 动词 ＋ 直接宾语 ＋ to sb.。
8) Please show me your picture. = Please ______ _____ __________ _____ ____ 9) I'll offer you a good chance as long as you don t lose heart.
= I'll offer ____ ______ ________ ____ _____ as long as you don't lose heart. 5: S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构
1) We think Creek too difficult．我们认为希腊语太难了。 2) We made him captain．我们选他作队长。
3) They don't want to let us go．他们不想让我们走。
4) When the policemen came in，they found the old man dead．警察进来时发现老人死了。
5) He 1ikes to watch the boys playing football. 他喜欢看那些男孩们踢足球。 ** 这种句型中的“宾语＋ 补语”可统称为“复合宾语”, 作补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如：
6）Keep ________________________________, please. 请让孩子们安静下来。 7）他把墙漆成白色。
_____________________________________________________. 8）我们发现他是一个诚实的人。
______________________________________________. 注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, observe, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。但如果变为被动语态，则加上to如： 9）The boss made him do the work all day. (变为被动语态)
____________________________________________________. Exx：
判断下面各句分别属于简单句的哪种基本句型：
1. Your sister dances beautifully. ( ) 2. Doing that would be playing with fire. ( ) 3. I will tell my friends to protect the environment. ( ) 4. They kept their marriage a secret. ( ) 5. She gave me her telephone number. ( ) 6. Good food keeps you healthy. ( ) 7. I advise waiting till the right time. ( ) 8. Did you sleep well? ( )
9. Horse-riding and shooting are some of the more unusual events. ( ) 10. Pop music makes people feel easy and forget about the real world. ( )
综合能力训练
1. Don't smoke in the meeting-room，_________?
A. do you B. will you C. can you D．could you 2.Canned food do not go ______ easily．
A. sourly B. sour C. souring D. soured 3. I shall make your dream _______.
A. coming true B. come true C．to come true D．comes true 4. Even in bed his uneasiness about his riches kept him________. A．wake B．awake C．waken D．to awaken 5. I think _______ a good habit to get up early. A．this B．it C．that D．its
6. -- Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother? —I don’t know，______. A．nor don’t I care B．nor do I care C．I don’t care neither D．I don’t care also
7. The television set will keep us _______of the news of the day． A．informed B．entertained C．educated D．inform 8. The speaker found himself _______ all alone. A. leave B. to leave C．1eaving D．1eft 9. The day we were longing for _______ at last．
A. coming B．came C．to come D．come
10. He did all he could ________the poor people in the mountain area． A．help B．to help C．helping D．helped
11. Every minute must be made full use of ________our lessons． A．do B．doing C．done D．to do 12. The life he has been used to _________disturbed now A．being B．be C．to be D．is being
13. — Would you like to come to dinner tonight. — I'd like to,__ I'm too busy. A. and B. so C. as D. but
14. Mrs. Black doesn't believe her son is able to design a digital camera,________? A. is he B. isn't he C. doesn't she D. does she
15. Brian told you that there wasn't anyone in the room at that time, _______? A. was there B. wasn’t there C. didn't he D. did he 16. ——How about John?
——My aunt ______ a good student.
A. believes John B. suggests John C. considers John D. knows John 17. I like singing __ she likes dancing.
A. as B. while C. which D. when 18. Yesterday was my birthday. My mother ________.
A. made for me a cake B. made a cake to me C. made me a cake D. made a cake me 19. — I hear you got lost yesterday.
—Yes, I went to the zoo and couldn't find ______ the hotel.
A. my way back to B. how I should go for C. how to return D. the way back for 20. One more week, ____ we will accomplish the task
A. or B. so that C. and D. if 21. ——I had thought I would miss the bus.
——_________you wouldn't have arrived on time.