发布时间 : 星期四 文章2017年6月英语四级考试真题及答案解析版（第3套）更新完毕开始阅读17bdc5f2db38376baf1ffc4ffe4733687f21fc4a
Bezos, Amazon’s boss, says that “If I see more than two pizzas for lunch, the team is too big”. They need to immunise teams against group-think: Hackman argued that the best ones contain “deviants” （离经叛道者）who are willing to do something that may be upsetting to others.
[I] A new study of 12,000 workers in 17 countries by Steelcase, a furniture-maker which also does consulting, finds that the best way to ensure employees are “engaged” is to give them more control over where and how they do their work-which may mean liberating them from having to do everything in collaboration with others. [J] However, organisations need to learn something bigger than how to manage teams better: they need to be in the habit of asking themselves whether teams are the best tools for the job. Team-building skills are in short supply: Deloitte reports that only 12% of the executives they contacted feel they understand the way people work together in networks and only 21% feel confident in their ability to build cross-functional teams. Loosely managed teams can become hotbeds of distraction employees routinely complain that they can’t get their work done because they are forced to spend too much time in meetings or compelled to work in noisy offices. Even in the age of open-plan offices and social networks some work is best left to the individual.
36. Successful team leaders know exactly where the team should go and are able to take prompt action.
【答案】H
【解析】由“They need to rid their minds of sentimentalism: the most successful teams have leaders who are able to set an overall direction and take immediate action.”可得出答案。
37. Decentralisation of authority was also found to be more effective in military operations.
【答案】D
【解析】由“The US Army has gone the same way. In his book, Team of Teams, General Stanley McChrystal describes how the army’s hierarchical structure hindered its operations during the early stages of the Iraq war. His solution was to learn something from the rebels it was fighting: decentralising authority to self-organising teams.”可得出答案。
38. In many companies, the conventional form of organisation is giving way to a network of teams.
【答案】B
【解析】由“Deloitte argues that a new organizational form is on the rise: a network of teams is replacing the conventional hierarchy.”可知，答案为B。
39. Members of poorly managed teams are easily distracted from their work.
【答案】J
【解析】由“Loosely managed teams can become hotbeds of distraction---employees routinely complain that they can’t get their work done because they are forced to spend too much time in meetings or compelled to work in noisy offices.”可知，答案为J。
40. Teamwork is most effective when team members share the same culture. 【答案】G
【解析】由“Teams work best if their members have a strong common culture.”可知，答案为G。
41. According to a report by Deloitte, teamwork is becoming increasingly popular among companies.
【答案】A
【解析】由“But a new report by Deloitte, “Global Human Capital Trends”, based on a survey of more than 7,000 executives in over 130 countries, suggests that the fashion for teamwork has reached a new high.”可知，答案为A。
42. Some team members find it hard to agree on questions like membership and the team’s purpose.
【答案】F
【解析】由“If it is hard enough to define a team’s membership, agreeing on its purpose is harder still.”可知，答案为F。
43. Some scholars think teamwork may not always be reliable, despite its potential to work wonders.
【答案】E
【解析】由“The late Richard Hackman of Harvard University once argued, “I have no question that when you have a team, the possibility exists that it will generate magic, producing something extraordinary... But don’t count on it.””可知，答案为E。
44. To ensure employee’s commitment, it is advisable to give them more flexibility as to where and how they work.
【答案】I
【解析】由“A new study of 12,000 workers in 17 countries by Steelcase, a furniture-maker which also does consulting, finds that the best way to ensure employees are “engaged” is to give them more control over where and how they do their work-which may mean liberating them from having to do everything in collaboration with others.”可知，答案为I。
45. Product transitions take much less time now than in the past.
【答案】C
【解析】由“Product transitions used to take five or seven years; now they take one or two.”可知，答案为C。
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Urbanization — migration away from the suburbs to the central city — will be the biggest real estate trend in 2015, according to a new report.
The report says America’s urbanization will continue to be the most significant issue affecting the industry, as cities across the country imitate the walkability and transit-oriented development making cities like New York and San Francisco so successful.
As smaller cities copy the model of these “24-hour cities”，more affordable versions of these places will be created. The report refers to this as the coming of the “18-hour city”，and uses the term to refer to cities like Houston, Austin, Charlotte, and Nashville, which are “positioning themselves as highly competitive, in terms of livability, employment offerings, and recreational and cultural amenities.”
Another trend that looks significant in 2015 is that America’s largest population group, Millennials （千禧一代），will continue to put off buying a house. Apartments will retain their appeal for a while for Millennials, haunted by what happened to home-owning parents.
This trend will continue into the 2020s, the report projects. After that, survey respondents disagree over whether this generation will follow in their parents’ footsteps, moving to the suburbs to raise families, or will choose to remain in the urban core. The survey projects that this population cohort will evolve and segment over time, and warns against painting the generation with too broad a brush. Another issue affecting real estate in the coming year will be America’s failing infrastructure. Most roads, bridges, transit, water systems, the electric grid, and communications networks were installed 50 to 100 years ago, and they are largely taken for granted until they fail.
The report’s writers state that America’s failure to invest in infrastructure impacts not only the health of the real-estate market, but also our ability to remain globally competitive.
Apart from the specific trends highlighted above, which cause some investors to worry, the report portrays an overall optimism borne by the recent healthy real-estate “upcycle” and improving economy. Seventy-four percent of the respondents surveyed report a “good to excellent” expectation of real-estate profitability in 2015. While excessive optimism can promote bad investment patterns, resulting in a real- estate “bubble”，the report’s writers downplay that potential outcome in that it has not yet occurred.
Some respondents to the Emerging Markets survey call the urbanization trend “oversubscribed”，and the report concedes that there do exist some edge cities and suburbs with promise. But these places are few and far between. The most successful places are those built using urban-design principles — with density, walkability, and good transit.
Real-estate investors in 2015 need to pay attention to the two main conclusion of the report: if a property resembles or relies upon sprawl in any way, or doesn’t appeal to Millennials, think before you invest.
46. According to the new report, real estate development in 2015 will witness A) an accelerating speed B) a shift to city centers C) a new focus on small cities D) an ever-increasing demand 【答案】B
【解析】根据题干关键词real estate development in 2015可定位至第一段。 47. What characterizes “24-hour cities” like New York? A) People can live without private care. B) People are generally more competitive. C) People can employ services around the clock. D) People are in harmony with the environment. 【答案】C
【解析】根据题干关键词24-hour cities和New York可定位至第三段。 48. Why are Millennials are reluctant to buy a house? A) They can only afford small apartments. B) The house prices are currently too high. C) Their parents，bad experience still haunts them. D) They feel attached to the suburban environment.