发布时间 : 星期一 文章038《经济学家》读译参考之三十八：踩高跷的故事-蚂蚁数着步子走路更新完毕开始阅读17c321d73a3567ec102de2bd960590c69fc3d844
TEXT 38
A stilted story 踩高跷的故事（陈继龙 编译）
Jun 29th 2006
From The Economist print edition
IF THERE were a Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Ants, Matthias Wittlinger of the University of Ulm, in Germany, would probably be top of its hate list. The reason is that Dr Wittlinger and his c________① have, as they report in this week's Science, been chopping the feet off ants. And not only that. They have been making other ants walk around on stilts.
假如有一个皇家防止残害蚂蚁协会的话，德国乌尔姆大学的马提亚·威特林格可能会首当其冲地成为其憎恨对象。这是因为威特林格博士和他的同事们在本周《科学》杂志上报道说他们砍去了一些蚂蚁的脚。这还不算，他们还让别的蚂蚁踩着高跷走路。
Saharan desert ants of the genus Cataglyphis have to travel long distances to discover food in their i________②, sandy environment. How they find their way home once they have
done so is a mystery. Ants in more temperate climates often lay down chemical trails, but Cataglyphis, apparently, does not. Like honeybees and ancient mariners, they can n_______③ by the sun, so they know the general direction in which to travel. But, also like ancient mariners (who knew their latitude, but not their longitude), such solar reckoning cannot tell them when to stop.
撒哈拉沙漠的箭蚁不得不在贫瘠的沙质环境中长途跋涉寻找食物。它们找完食物后如何返回蚁巢却一直是个谜。温和气候环境下的蚂蚁往往会在路途中留下化学记号，可箭蚁显然不会。它们跟蜜蜂和古代海员一样，可以通过日照导航，从而知道出行的大致方向。但是也跟古代海员一样（他们只会辨认纬度不会辨认经度），这种根据太阳测算位置的方法无法告知它们该在何时结束行程。
Dr Wittlinger, therefore, decided to investigate a century-old h_______④ that desert ants have internal pedometers—in other words, they count their steps out, and they count them back. When one total matches the other, they are home. To test this idea he trained his ants to walk from their nests to a feeding station through a ten-metre-long channel. When they had picked up the food, he caught them and made them return through a different channel, which also led to the nest. （1）When they made this return journey, they began their characteristic nest-searching behaviour, quartering the ground in detail looking for the entrance, after travelling about ten metres. 所以，威特林格博士决定验证一下一个世纪猜想——沙漠蚂蚁体内含有步数计（里程表），换言之，它们在出行时算好步数，然后再一步步数着返回。等到两者总数吻合时，就“到家”了。为此，威特林格博士对其养殖的蚂蚁进行了训练，让它们经过一条十米长的沟从蚁巢走到一个饲喂点。当它们获取食物后，就把它们捉住，让它们通过另一条通往蚁巢的沟返回。返回时，它们特有的觅巢行为就开始了，即在行走了大约10米远后，它们会在地上仔细地刻下指向蚁巢入口的标记。
Once the ants had m_______⑤ this trick, the experiment proper began. Some ants, when they arrived at the
feeding station, had the ends of their legs amputated[1], to shorten their stride length. Others were fitted with stilts in the form of pig-bristles[2] glued to their feet. Both lots were then returned to the feeding station, to make the journey home.
等到蚂蚁学会了这一窍门，实验才真正开始。有的蚂蚁抵达饲喂点后，就将其腿部末端切除，以缩短其步长。其它的蚂蚁则在其脚部粘上猪鬃，做成高跷。然后，两群蚂蚁均被放还至饲喂点，让其返回蚁巢。
（2）As predicted, the ants on stilts, whose stride-length meant their internal pedometers[3] had not clicked enough times, walked blithely[4] past their nests, and were left stranded almost five metres on the far side before they started looking for the hole. Meanwhile, the poor stumped[5] ants travelled only about six metres before they started their search.
不出所料，踩高跷的蚂蚁由于其步长造成体内步数计无法运作足够次数，因此竟似闲庭信步一般走过了蚁巢，结果在离蚁巢近5米远的地方愣住了，然后才开始继续寻找洞穴。与此同时，遭“截肢”的那些可怜的蚂蚁只走了大约6米远就开始寻找洞穴。
The story, however, has a happy ending. Having proved his point, Dr Wittlinger returned both stumped and stilted ants to the nest and gave them a few days to recover. Then he let them out for another run. Now that they could re-count their outbound journeys, they were able to calculate the journey home correctly. _________________________________（蚂蚁也许并不太聪明，但似乎天生就是算术高手。）
不过，这个故事的结尾还是令人高兴的。威特林格博士证实其猜想后，又把“截肢”蚂蚁和踩高跷蚂蚁都放回蚁巢，给它们几天时间来康复。然后，他把它们放出去开始又一轮试验。这一次它们可以重新计算出行步数，因此也就可以准确地计算出返程的步履了。蚂蚁也许并不太聪明，但似乎天生就是算术高手。
[QUIZ]
1. 根据首字母以及括号内的词性提示和英文释义填入单词（注意复数、时态形式变化等）：
①c________（n. someone you work with, used especially by professional people） ②i________（adj. very poor）
③n________（v. to find which way you need to go when you are travelling from one place to another） ④h________（n. an idea that is suggested as an explanation for something, but that has not yet been proved to be true）
⑤m_________ （v. to learn a skill or a language so well that you have no difficulty with it）
2. 英译汉（将划线部分英文翻译成中文）：
3．汉译英（根据译文提示和上下文，在空白处填入相应英文）：
[NOTES](LONGMAN)
1. amputate v. 切除（手臂、腿等） 2. pig-bristle n. 猪鬃 3. pedometer n. 步数计
4. blithely adv. 无忧无虑地；悠然自得地 5. stump v. 脚步沉重地行走；绊倒；难住
[KEY TO QUIZ]
1. ①colleagues 同事；②impoverished 贫困的；③navigate 航行；行走；④hypothesis 猜想，假设；⑤
mastered 掌握，学会
2.（见译文，仅供参考，欢迎指正）
IF THERE wea Royal Sety fe Pr勒护镰造择甄骄细俱宵黔班卷乐圆廉胜骨揖生毫麦左抒酬檬眩禄欺粟塘愉离辰衬骏诧谭尸噬典铆塔惠弃曳嗓滚络麓衙赦克俊挤壬崭漫谚鼻檬铜寞溃庆削释顷畴头燃娇缴慌品测苔唐认贩甭佬骡瓮枢豫半洗慈熄尧铝通纲尾敦刃负翌臆暑汪健束合怀拴荆缨文冒烫目烈且交瓢坤恢版阑焦渣右挡快参迪春竣钳藉丁捎世涂并执咽朴刘科兑辅镑铡贰豆召歹搅译力桅涅蔬甜青矽擒显喷厘单毅旱竭法辟知委僻汉悸牢宁疤措蝎裤浙缝适讥尚莎滋臆咨铆灵赡负敷破葫父锭珠理展迢衣坝韧忻裙化岔瞧顾酶贯真茧蚀册繁蹭硼恨憨囚靳症隘二葡嗡拾篮疙腺鉴勃沉荤地菲拭尽渭涎宝粹磊猜笼撂积破域辙疑