发布时间 : 星期三 文章文库上传2016高考化学一轮复习 排查落实练2 常考易错的50个离子方程式书写再落实更新完毕开始阅读192d9827afaad1f34693daef5ef7ba0d4b736d99
排查落实练二
常考易错的50个离子方程式书写再落实
1. 向水中通入氯气:_____________________________________ 答案:Cl-
2+H+
2
+Cl+HClO
2. 实验室制备氯气:
_______________________________________________________ △
答案:MnO+-=====Mn2+
2+4H+2Cl+Cl2↑+2H2O 3. 工业制漂白粉:
_______________________________________________________ 答案:Cl2+
-
-
2+Ca(OH)2===Ca+ClO+Cl+H2O 4. 工业制备氯气:
_______________________________________________________ 电解
答案:2Cl-
+2HO=====Cl-
22↑+H2↑+2OH
5. NH4HCO3溶液与过量的KOH浓溶液共热:
_______________________________________________________ △
答案:NH+--2-
4+HCO3+2OH=====NH3↑+CO3+2H2O 6. NH4HCO3溶液与足量的Ba(OH)2溶液混合共热:
_______________________________________________________ △
答案:NH++HCO-+Ba2+
+2OH-
4
3
=====NH3↑+BaCO3↓+2H2O
7. MgSO4溶液与Ba(OH)2溶液反应:
_______________________________________________________ 答案:Mg2++2OH-+SO2-2+
4+Ba===BaSO4↓+Mg(OH)2↓ 8. 向NaHCO3溶液中加入过量澄清石灰水:
_______________________________________________________ 答案:HCO-2+-
3+Ca+OH===CaCO3↓+H2O 9. 向澄清石灰水中加入过量NaHCO3溶液:
_______________________________________________________ 答案:Ca2++2OH-+2HCO-2-
3===CaCO3↓+CO3+2H2O 10. 向AlCl3溶液中加入过量氨水:
_______________________________________________________3NH+
3·H2O===Al(OH)3↓+3NH4
答案:Al
3+
+
11. 向Al2(SO4)3溶液中加入过量NaOH溶液:
_______________________________________________________ 答案:Al+4OH===AlO2+2H2O 12. 铝与NaOH溶液反应:
_______________________________________________________ 答案:2Al+2OH+2H2O===2AlO2+3H2↑ 13. 硅与NaOH溶液反应:
_______________________________________________________ 答案:Si+2OH+H2O===SiO3+2H2↑ 14. 大理石溶于醋酸:
_______________________________________________________ 答案:CaCO3+2CH3COOH===Ca+2CH3COO+H2O+CO2↑ 15. 铜与稀硝酸反应:
_______________________________________________________ 答案:3Cu+2NO3+8H===3Cu+2NO↑+4H2O 16. 明矾溶于水形成胶体:
_______________________________________________________ 答案:Al+3H2O
3+
-
+
2+2+
-
-
2-
-
-
3+
-
-
Al(OH)3(胶体)+3H
+
17. Fe3O4溶于足量稀硝酸:
_______________________________________________________答案:3Fe3O4+28H+NO3===9Fe+NO↑+14H2O 18. 铁和过量稀硝酸反应:
_______________________________________________________ 答案:Fe+4H+NO3===Fe+NO↑+2H2O 19. 过量铁粉与稀硝酸反应:
_______________________________________________________ 答案:3Fe+8H+2NO3===3Fe+2NO↑+4H2O 20. 氧化铝溶于NaOH溶液:
_______________________________________________________ 答案:Al2O3+2OH===2AlO2+H2O 21. 氢氧化铝溶于NaOH溶液:
_______________________________________________________ 答案:Al(OH)3+OH===AlO2+2H2O 22. 向NaAlO2溶液中通入足量CO2气体:
2
+-
3+
+-3+
+-2+
--
--
_______________________________________________________ 答案:AlO2+2H2O+CO2===Al(OH)3↓+HCO3 23. 向苯酚钠溶液中通入少量CO2气体:
_______________________________________________________
-
-
答案:
24. 小苏打与NaOH溶液混合:
_______________________________________________________ 答案:HCO3+OH===H2O+CO3 25. CuSO4溶液中通入H2S气体:
_______________________________________________________ 答案:Cu+H2S===CuS↓+2H 26. 向FeBr2溶液中通入少量氯气:
_______________________________________________________ 答案:2Fe+Cl2===2Fe+2Cl 27. 向FeBr2溶液中通入过量氯气:
_______________________________________________________ 答案:2Fe+4Br+3Cl2===2Fe+2Br2+6Cl 28. 向FeBr2溶液中通入等物质的量的氯气:
_______________________________________________________ 答案:2Fe+2Br+2Cl2===2Fe+Br2+4Cl 29. 向澄清石灰水中通入过量CO2气体:
2+
-
3+
-
2+
-
3+
-
2+
3+
-
2+
+
-
-
2-
HCO3
-
_______________________________________________________答案:OH+CO2===HCO3 30. 向Fe(NO3)2溶液中滴入盐酸:
_______________________________________________________ 答案:3Fe+NO3+4H===3Fe+NO↑+2H2O 31. 向沸水中滴加FeCl3溶液制备Fe(OH)3胶体:
_______________________________________________________ △
3++
答案:Fe+3H2O=====Fe(OH)3(胶体)+3H 32. 向FeCl3溶液中加入铜粉:
_______________________________________________________ 答案:2Fe+Cu===2Fe+Cu 33. 氢氧化铁溶于氢碘酸溶液:
--
2+-+3+
3+2+2+
_______________________________________________________ 答案:2Fe(OH)+
-
2+
3+6H+2I===I2+2Fe+6H2O 34. 用硫氰化钾溶液检验Fe3+
:
_______________________________________________________ 答案:Fe3+
+3SCN-
===Fe(SCN)3 35. NO2气体溶于水:
_______________________________________________________ 答案:3NO+
-
2+H2O===2H+2NO3+NO 36. KMnO4溶液与浓盐酸反应:
_______________________________________________________ 答案:2MnO-
-
+
2+
4+10Cl+16H===2Mn+5Cl2↑+8H2O 37. KClO3溶液与浓盐酸反应:
_______________________________________________________ 答案:ClO-
-
+
3+5Cl+6H===3Cl2↑+3H2O 38. KMnO4溶液与H2O2反应:
_______________________________________________________ 答案:2MnO-
+
2+
4+5H2O2+6H===2Mn+5O2↑+8H2O 39. FeSO4溶液中加入用H2SO4酸化的H2O2溶液:
_______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 答案:2Fe2+
+H+
3+
2O2+2H===2Fe+2H2O
40. 0.01 mol·L-1
NH-1
4Al(SO4)2溶液与0.02 mol·L Ba(OH)2溶液等体积混合:_______________________________________________________
答案:NH+
3+
2-
2+
-
4+Al+2SO4+2Ba+4OH===NH3·H2O+Al(OH)3↓+2BaSO4↓ 41. 向明矾溶液中加入过量的Ba(OH)2溶液:
_______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 答案:Al3+
+2SO2-
2+
-
-
4+2Ba+4OH===2BaSO4↓+AlO2+2H2O 42. 亚硫酸钠溶液中加入足量HNO3:
_______________________________________________________ 答案:3SO2-
+
-
2-
3+2H+2NO3===3SO4+2NO↑+H2O 43.
亚
硫
酸
氢
钠
溶
液
中
滴
加
硫
酸
氢
钠
_______________________________________________________
答案:HSO-+
3+H===H2O+SO2↑
溶
液
4
: