发布时间 : 星期日 文章常见英文错误句子结构Common English Wrong Sentences更新完毕开始阅读21e7e876f242336c1eb95ed1
常见英文错误句子结构Common English Wrong Sentences
句子残缺（sentence fragments）
句子残缺也叫破句或残句，指的是把句子的一部分当成一个独立完整的句子。常见的句子残缺有从属连词或关系代词引起的、分词和不定式引起的以及介词短语引起的。
从属连词或关系代词引起的句子残缺
从属连词和关系代词引导的从句是主句的修饰成分，通常不能单独独立存在。独立存在的从句在英文里被认为是错误的句子结构。下列各组句子中，a句中的从句为句子残缺，其他各句为修改后完整的句子。
1a Larry always works in his yard on Sundays. Because he enjoys the flowers and trees.
2a Brian sat nervously in the dental clinic. While waiting to have his wisdom tooth pulled.
3a We were trying to follow the directions. Which were confusing and absurd.
4a Pat believes that everyone should go to college. And that all tests for admission should be abolished.
分词和不定式引起的句子残缺
分词短语和不定式短语是句子的修饰成分，通常不能单独独立存在。独立存在的分词短语和不定式短语在英文里被认为是错误的句子结构。下列各组句子中，a句中的分词短语或不定式短语为句子残缺，其他各句为修改后完整的句子。 5a I spent almost two hours on the phone. Trying to find a garage.
6a He backed closer and closer to the end of the diving board. At last falling into the water.
7a He telephones his wife. To tell her of his arrival.
介词短语引起的句子残缺
介词短语是句子的修饰成分，通常不能单独独立存在。独立存在的介词短语在英文里被认为是错误的句子结构。下列各组句子中，a句中的介词短语为句子残缺，其他各句为修改后完整的句子。
8a I wanted to get away from the heat. To a cooler place.
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9a The house will take three weeks to paint. Even with two painters working full-time.
10a They found the missing CD. In a mislabeled file.
串句（run-on sentences）
串句指的是用逗号连接的两个独立的单句。由于是逗号使用引起的错误，串句也被称为逗号使用错误。英文中，不能单独使用逗号连接两个独立的单句。串句在英文中被认为是错误的句子结构。这是中国学生写作时最容易犯的错误。下列各组句子中，a句为串句，其他各句为修改后的完整的句子。
11a Rita decided to stop smoking, she didn’t want to die of lung cancer. 12a I took lots of vitamin C, however, I still came down with the flu.
如句12a所示，英语中的连接副词不可以用作连词连接两个独立的单句。常见的连接副词有also, anyway, besides, consequently, finally, furthermore, hence, however, incidentally, indeed, instead, likewise, meanwhile, moreover, nevertheless, next, nonetheless, otherwise, still, then, therefore, thus。
错误的平行结构（faulty parallelism）
并列连词连接的句子成分应该在语法上结构相同，否则就造成错误的平行结构。下列各组句子中，a句为错误的平行结构，其他各句是修改后的正确句子。 13a When we arrived home, we unpacked our suitcase, took showers, and then we went to sleep after eating lunch.
14a Many people choose air transportation because it is fast, offers convenience, and it is not very expensive.
15a Our new car not only is more economical but also it is more comfortable than our old one.
16a James Joyce’s Ulysses, a long and complicated novel and which is on our reading list, has been banned by the school board.
修饰语错置（misplaced modifiers）
修饰语错置指的是修饰语没有紧靠所修饰的句子成分，从而造成句子意思混乱。下列各组句子中，句a为修饰语错置的句子，其他各句为修改后的正确句子。 17a He noticed a large stain in the rug that was right in the center.
18a You can call your mother in London and tell her all about George’s taking you out to dinner for just sixty cents.
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19a The senator returned to his office after a long illness on Monday. 20a I bought the hat at a small county store which cost $5.25.
垂悬修饰语（dangling modifiers）
垂悬修饰语指的是修饰语所修饰的成分在句子中不存在。分词短语、不定式短语、介词短语等修饰语的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致会造成垂悬修饰语。含有垂悬修饰语的句子在英文中被认为是错误的句子结构。这是中国学生写作时最容易犯的另外一个错误。下列各组句子中，句a为含有垂悬修饰语的句子，其他句子是修改后的正确句子。
21a Being crowded in the car, the trip was uncomfortable. 22a After unlocking the door, the cat refused to go out. 23a Instead of watching the late show, a novel was read.
24a To appreciate the English language, a lot of reading must be done. 25a Although only a small boy, my father expected me to do a man’s work.
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总之，句子残缺、串句、错误的平行结构、修饰语错置和垂悬修饰语是最常见的英文错误句子结构，我们写作时要注意避免。对于中国学生来说，串句和垂悬修饰语是最容易犯的错误，更要引起我们的重视。
练习 修改下列错误的句子结构
1. The wind was cold, they decided not to walk. 2. They left the party early. Because it started to rain.
3. A man is judged not only by what he says but also by his deeds.
4. We thought she was charming, intelligent, and a very capable young woman.
5. A painting attracts the visitor’s eye on the east wall.
6. While waiting for my friends to say goodbye, the moon rose above the horizon.
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