发布时间 : 星期日 文章高考英语一轮复习 语法专题 第二讲 名词与冠词 新人教版更新完毕开始阅读2230842d1cd9ad51f01dc281e53a580216fc5000
第二讲 名词与冠词
一、名词考点透析 1．名词的数
(1)可数名词有单复数之分。如：book－books，box－boxes，leaf－leaves，city－cities。
(2)合成名词构成复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变成复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变成复数。如：
sons-in-law 女婿 passers-by 过路人 story-tellers 讲故事的人 go-betweens 中介人 (3)下列名词单复数同形。 Chinese中国人 Japanese日本人 sheep绵羊 deer小鹿 horsepower马力 fish鱼 fruit 水果
(4)下列名词的单复数有不同的拼写方法。 细菌bacterium(单数)－bacteria(复数) 资料、数据 datum(单数)－data(复数) 现象 phenomenon(单数)－phenomena(复数)
(5) 不可数名词包括专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词，一般没有单复数之分。如：England，London，bread，rice，steel，knowledge，advice，health，wealth等。
Many people think that health is the greatest wealth in the world. 很多人认为健康是世界上最大的财富。
(6)experience表“经验”时是不可数名词，表“经历”时是可数名词。
1
(7)常见的单复数意义不同的名词有：value(价值)—values(价值观)；manner(方式)—manners (礼貌)；custom(风俗)—customs(海关)；damage(损害)—damages(赔偿金)；work(工作)—works(著作)等，需特别注意。
(8)team，group，committee，crew，family等集体名词强调整体时为单数，强调个体时为复数。如：
His group is a big one and all group are very active in the activity. 他那个组是个大组，所有的组员都积极参加活动。
The film attracted a large audience and most audience were moved to tears. 这部影片吸引了大量观众，多数观众都被感动得流下眼泪。
(9)名词做定语时，除man，woman有单复数变化外，其他名词一般用单数。如： three women doctors 三个女医生 many coffee shops 许多咖啡店 2．名词的所有格
(1)有生命的名词，其所有格一般在名词后加's, 如： his mother's friend; 他妈妈的朋友们
Susan is a friend of my mother's. 苏珊是我妈妈的一个朋友。
(2)无生命的名词，借用of表示所属关系。如： the window of the room 一个房子的窗户
(3)如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词后加 “'s”，如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加 “'s”。如：
The lady in a beautiful dress is Jane and Mary's mother.
那位穿漂亮裙子的女士是琼和玛利的妈妈。(共有，暗示琼和玛利是姐妹关系) Those two women are Jane's and Mary's mothers.
那两位女士分别是琼的妈妈和玛利的妈妈。(不共有，分别指两位妈妈)
(4)“a(two，some...)＋名词＋of＋名词's/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格。
2
a friend of my mother's 我妈妈的一个朋友 two photos of mine 我的两张照片 3．抽象名词具体化
表示抽象的特征、状态、思维、行为的一次、一种、一类、一下等，常构成“a/an＋(形容词)＋抽象名词”。如：
a surprise 一个惊喜 a pleasure 一件乐事
a failure一个失败者，一次失败 a great success 一次巨大的成功 a wonderful breakfast 一顿丰盛的早餐 a happiness 一种幸福
强化训练一
用所给单词的适当形式填空。
(一)
Robots
used
for
1.________(housework)were
tested
out
in
some
2.________(family)．Tony, one of the 3.________(robot) looked like a tall and handsome man with smooth black hair and white 4.________(tooth) speaking in a deep voice.Larry was going to be away from home.Also，5.________(curious)drove him to have a try on such a new thing. So he hired a robot to accompany his wife Claire. Claire didn't like the idea at the beginning, but she agreed at last. At the first sight of Tony, Claire felt embarrassed. Gradually, Tony began to win the 6.________ (hostess) trust. He helped Claire realize her dreams by making her home elegant, giving her a new haircut, changing the makeup she wore and giving her 7.________(advise) on her personal8.________ (dress)．Therefore at the party all her guests who were invited were filled with 9.________(admire) when they saw her house was completely changed. After the test, the company was satisfied with
3
10.________ (Tony) report and believed it was a 11.________(succeed) because he had successfully made a woman regain her 12.________ (confident) and fall in love with him.
(二)
Born on August 23, 1998 in America, Jeremy Shu-How Lin is a professional basketball 1.________ (play). But to some degree, many Chinese 2.________ (fan) and coaches take him as a Chinese guy or at least are willing to imagine him a 3.________ (China) just because he has a typical Chinese face and his parents were born in China. Jeremy Lin has recently become a 4.________ (succeed) and attracted the 5.________ (world) attention which gives Chinese people a lot of imagination and pride.In most people's 6.________ (eye), Jeremy is a miracle.
In June 2012, When Jeremy took his third trip to China, a large crowd came to meet him, including some 7.________ (family), some 8.________ (child) and some 9.________(woman) players. They brought cameras to take 10.________ (photo) with their idol and to show their love and respect to Jeremy Lin.
强化训练一 (一)
1．housework 2.families 3.robots 4.teeth 5.curiosity 6．hostess/hostess's 7.advice 8.dresses 9.admiration 10．Tony's 11.success 12.confidence
(二)
1．player 2.fans 3.Chinese 4.success 5.world's 6．eyes 7.families 8.children 9.women 10.photos 二、冠词考点透析 1．不定冠词最基本的用法
不定冠词最基本的用法是泛指，表示“一个/一张/一本……”以及用于第一次出现的可数名词单数前。如：
(1)An umbrella is an article that keeps the rain out. 伞是用来遮雨的物件。 (2)Ten years is a long time.
4