发布时间 : 星期四 文章上海市嘉定区2019届高三英语下学期质量调研(二模)试题(含解析)更新完毕开始阅读26874e15edf9aef8941ea76e58fafab069dc4492
故A选项切题。 【47题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。A. In line with跟…一致；B. Contrary to 与相反；C. Compared with与比较；D. In case of 假如。句意：与此一致的是，在所有授予女性的诺贝尔奖中，有三分之二是在生物医学研究领域。由前文可知，女性进入生物医学领域的人数与男性持平。所以与此一致的是在所有授予女性的诺贝尔奖中，有三分之二是在生物医学研究领域。故In line with“跟…一致”符合句意。故A选项切题。 【48题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. concept概念；B. outcome结果；C. requirement；要求D. approach方法。句意：我们的方法很简单:我们记录下了过去50年里我们能找到的所有生物医学研究奖项。由“we documented all biomedical research prizes we could find over the past five decades”可知，我们记录下了过去50年里我们能找到的所有生物医学研究奖项。所以这是研究所采取的方法。故D选项切题。 【49题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. improvement提高；B. quality质量；C. accomplishment完成；D. reputation名誉。句意：我们还考虑了与奖金相关的财务奖励和重要性，作为其质量的指标。由“ prize quality.”可知，作者还考虑了与奖金相关的财务奖励和重要性，作为其质量的指标。故B选项切题。 【50题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. vague 含 糊 的；B. sudden突然的；C. good好的；D. fundamental基本的。句意：我们的初步结果突出了整体的好消息:女性获得生物医学奖项的比例稳步上升。由“he proportion of biomedical prizes awarded to women has risen steadily.”可知，女性获得生物医学奖项的比例稳步上升。所以这是好的消息。故C选项切题。 【51题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. description描写；B. evidence证据；C. document文件；D. comparison比较。句意：更重要的是，我们的进一步研究表明，没有证据表明女性主导的研究的质量或价值低于男性，这是以每篇文章的引用、生产率或研究课题的广度来衡量的。研究是要靠证据得出结论。所以there is no evidence that意为“没有证据证明……”符合句意。B选项切题。 【52题详解】
考查副词辨析。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. Instead而不是；D. Nevertheless尽管如此。句意：因此，在获奖数量方面，女性正在迎头赶上，但在重要性和与奖项相关的奖金方面，妇女仍然大大落后。分析句意可知，前后句子为承接关系，所以Therefore符合句意。故A选项切题。 【53题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. highlighted强调；B. eliminated消除；C. strengthened加强；D. narrowed变窄。句意：从表面上看，性别差距似乎有所缩小，但在科学奖方面，巨大的不公正却隐藏在下面。narrow the gap“缩小差距”符合句意。故D选项切题。 【54题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. dominates支配；B. extends延伸；C. overtakes追上；D. justifies 证明…正确。句意：这个问题可能超出了科学的范围。由“ beyond the borders of science.”可知，超出了科学的范围。所以动词extend符合句意。故B选项切题。 【55题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。 A. turned out结果；B. taken on呈现；C. backed up后退，支持；D. held up阻挡。句意：例如，在商业领域，对新技术和创新的奖励和资助可能遵循类似的模式，这有助于解释女性企业家的现象，这一现象再次得到了研究的支持。由“ In business, for example, prizes and funding for new technology and innovation may follow a similar pattern,”可知，在商业领域，对新技术和创新的奖励和资助可能遵循类似的模式。所以商业领域同科学领域都遵循类似的模式，这一现象再次得到了研究的支持。故C选项切题。
Section B (22分)
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
“The history of the world is but the biography (传记) of great men,” argued Thomas Carlyle, the advocate of what has come to be known as the “Great Man Theory of History.” This theory suggests that the broader movements and outline of history all go back to the leadership of great individuals who had unique influence on their
times. Whether or not Carlyle’s theory proves true is debatable, but that certain individuals cast long shadows is not.
As one who is entrusted with a leadership position, I find it profitable to read of others who have led. Wherever you find me, you’ll likely find a good biography nearby. Why is this the case? First, I find good biographies fascinating. I’ll occasionally read a novel, but I’ve never been overly drawn to fiction. I have found myself unable to sleep while in the struggle of the Battle of Britain in William Manchester’s The Last Lion. For me, not to read biographies would rob me of pleasure in my life.
Second, I find good biographies informative. A good biographer tells not only the story of a person, but also of their times. Reading a good biography is like wandering through an intellectual shopping mall. The first store is what drew you there, but you will be pleasantly surprised along the way at what other items grab your attention. You’ll find no better account of the British Empire at its peak than the opening chapters of Manchester’s Visions of Glory, volume one of his The Last Lion. Strictly speaking, a biography is but a slice of history.
Third, I find good biographies relaxing. Winston Churchill once noted a man who works with his hands should have a hobby that engages his mind, and a man who works with his mind should have a hobby that engages his hands. Another way to apply Churchill’s saying is to combine technical, pen-in-hand vocational reading with leisurely biographical reading. Indeed, few things are more relaxing to me than winding down the evening and entering into another world.
This is why I love reading good biographies, and why I pity the person who neglects them. Don’t be counted among their number. 56. What is implied in the first paragraph? A. The author finds Carlyle’s theory undebatable. B. Carlyle believes great men alone cannot create history.
C. It is debatable whether one should read great men’s biographies. D. The author agrees that history is greatly influenced by certain men.
57. What does the underlined phrase “other items” in the third paragraph refer to?
A. good biographies
C. the volumes of The Last Lion
B. stories of certain times D. the chapters of the British Empire
58. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. The author considers biographical reading enjoyable. B. The author can travel to another world in the evening. C. The author has fought many battles during his lifetime. D. The author profits commercially by reading biographies. 59. What is the author’s main purpose in writing the article? A. To analyze the benefits of vocational reading. B. To introduce to readers his unique reading strategies. C. To present great men’s history through biography reading. D. To recommend biography reading through his own experiences. 【答案】56. D 57. B 58. A 59. D 【解析】 【分析】
这是一篇议论文，作者阐述了喜欢读好的传记的原因。 【56题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段“This theory suggests that the broader movements and outline of history all go back to the leadership of great individuals who had unique influence on their times”可知，这一理论表明，更广泛的历史运动和轮廓都可以追溯到对其时代有独特影响的伟大人物的领导。所以通过第一段的关键词“go back to，had unique influence on their times”，判断出第一段暗示了作者同意历史受某些人的影响很大。故D选项正确。 【57题详解】
词义猜测题。由第三段“A good biographer tells not only the story of a person, but also of their times. Reading a good biography is like wandering through an intellectual shopping mall. The first store is what drew you there, but you will be pleasantly surprised along the way at what other items grab your attention. ”可知，一个好的传记作家不仅讲述一个人的故事，而且还在讲述他们所处的时代。读一本好的传记就像漫步在一个充满智慧的购物中心。第一家商店吸引了你，但你会惊喜地发现，还有其它的商品吸引了你的注意力。所以作者把读好的传记比喻成购物，将历史人物和某个时期的历史故事比