发布时间 : 星期三 文章高考英语语法精讲精练专题 12非谓语动词更新完毕开始阅读26a99e2a5afafab069dc5022aaea998fcc2240aa
③I regret telling him the secret.
④I regret to tell you that you have missed the exam.
（2）作介词的宾语，常用于固定短语和句型中。如：be/get used to,devote...to...,look forward to,pay attention to,get down to,think of,be proud of,prevent...from...,keep...from....,be engaged in,feel like以及have some/no/any difficulty(trouble) in, have fun(pleasure) in, have a good(hard) time,there is no need/use/good/harm/hurry(in)等。例如：
①We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. ②There is no need arguing with him.
3.作表语：动名词作表语时，句子的主语常常是表示无生命的名词或what引导的名词性从句。作表语的动名词与主语通常是对等关系，表示主语的内容，主语与表语可互换位置。例如： ①My job is teaching. = Teaching is my job. ②Her full-time job is laying eggs. =Laying eggs is her full-time job.
③What I hate most is being laughed at. 4.作定语:动名词作定语表示性质或用途。
a washing machine ＝ a machine for washing
a swimming pool ＝ a pool for swimming
分词（现在分词和过去分词）
过去分词只有一种形式，即done，没有其他变化形式，而现在分词有时态和语态的变化。如下表所示（以do为例）。 分词的语法功能：
一般式 完成式 及 物 动 词 主 动 doing having done 被 动 being done having been done 不及物动词 主 动 doing having done
1. 作定语:现在分词作定语，可以表示名词的用途，也可以表示主动意义或正在进行的动作或当时的状态，此时现在分词在意义上相当于一个定语从句。过去分词作定语表示被动或完成。一般而言，单个的分词作定语要放在被修饰词之前，分词短语作定语放在被修饰词之后。例如：
a developing country ＝ a country which is developing a sleeping boy＝ a boy who is sleeping
①The man standing at the window is our teacher.
② Polluted air and water are harmful to people's health. ③The building built last year was a hospital. ④The meeting being held now is very important.
【注意】如果两个动词有先后,一般不能用现在分词作定语,而用定语从句，即现在分词的完成主动式having done以及完成被动式having been done不能作定语。如，我们不能说：
I have heard of the accident having happened yesterday.而是用定语从句代替：I have heard of the accident that happened yesterday. 再如，我们不能说：
I didn’t find my wallet having been stolen.而用定语从句： I didn’t find my wallet which had been stolen.
2. 作状语:现在分词作状语。表时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随（方式）等。
特点:1.分词短语作状语,其逻辑主语须与句子的主语一致. 2. 表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连词while
或when 引导。3.如果主语不一致，要采用独立主格结构。
现在分词的一般式doing和完成主动式having done作状语时，与句子的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。doing表示的动作和句子的谓语动词所表示的动作基本同时发生或现在分词的动作正在发生；having done则表示其动作先于句子的谓语动词的动作发生。例如：
①Hearing the bell,the students entered the classroom.(时间) ②Hearing the cry for help, he rushed out.(时间)
③While reading the book, he nodded from time to time.(时间) ④Having finished his work,he went home.(时间)
⑤Seeing from the hill, you can get the whole town.(条件)
⑥Not having received an answer,he decided to write another letter.(原因) ⑦The students ran out of the classroom, talking and laughing .(伴随)
⑧Football is played all around the world, making it the most popular sport.(结果)
过去分词done和现在分词的完成被动式having been done作状语时，与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系。而且表示的动作在句子的谓语动词之前就已经发生。例如：
①Given（=Having been given）a wrong number，I couldn’t contact him over the phone.（原因） ②Having been warned many times,they became more and more careful in doing the job.（时间） ③Seen from the hill, the whole town is beautiful.（条件）
④Not satisfied with the result, we decided to do the experiment again.（原因） ⑤He entered the room,followed by his girlfriend .（伴随） ⑥If allowed, he would eat all the food in the house.（条件）
【注意】分词作状语时，如果分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，则通常在它前面加上它的主语构成独立主格结构，即“n. + -ed/-ing”。（非谓语动词及其短语前面带有逻辑主语，逻辑主语的代词又是主格，故常称为“独立主格”。）例如：
①Her work finished（=After her work had been finished）, she sat down for a cup of tea. ②There being no taxis（=Because there was no taxis）, we had to walk.
③Weather permitting (=If weather permits), they will go on an outing tomorrow.
④An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=Because an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night.
⑤He was lying on the grass,his hands crossed under his head(=and his hands were crossed under his head) 有时也用\名词(或代词宾格)+分词\的结构表示伴随状况的独立主格结构。例如： He fell asleep with the lamp burning.
补充：其他形式的独立主格结构（n. +不定式; n. +介词短语; n. +形容词; n. +副词）例如： ①He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. ②The boy goes to the classroom,book in hand.
③So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. ④The meeting over, they all went home. 3. 作宾补:
现在分词做宾补的两大特征：一是宾语与现在分词之间与主语之间有主谓关系；二是现在分词所表示的动作正在进行。能跟现在分词作宾语补足语的常见动词有：make、let、have、look at、see、watch、hear、listen to、notice、feel。（三让、三看、两听、注意感觉）。例如： ①I heard the girl singing in the classroom.
②I saw a long queue outside the bank waiting for it to open. ③The baby watched his dad shaving his face with interest. ④We saw the teacher making the experiment .
过去分词做宾补的两大特征：一是及物动词的过去分词做宾补与宾语有动宾关系；二是不及物动词的过去分词做宾补与宾语有主谓关系，多用来表示动作已经完成。能借过去分词做宾补的常见动词有：have，make，see，hear，find，leave，want等。例如：
①I've never heard the song sung in English. ②I saw the horse tied to a tree.
③People found the thief escaped.
4.作表语:分词放在系动词后面作表语。现在分词作表语指物，过去分词作表语指人。例如： ①The movie is inspiring. ②He is inspired by the movie.
③The story he told us was very interesting. ④He is interested in English.
高考英语短文改错及语法填空分析与训练·非谓语动词
考点规律分析：短文改错对非谓语动词的考查主要涉及不定式符号 to 的有无，介词后该使用动词的什么形式(用动名词)，并列结构中几个非谓语动词是否一致，动词用作主语时用何种形式(可用动名词或不定式，但不能用动词原形)等。语法填空主要涉及非谓语动词的形式选择。 非谓语动词单句改错之真题训练：
1. David and I wanted go off to find help but Bill insisted on staying near the car. 2. …rather than go into the forest and getting lost.
3.David pointed to a path which he thought would probably leading to a village. 4. I went back to get David and helped him to stood up.
5.Charles and Linda Mason do all of these things as well as climbed building.
6.Modern people know more about health, have better food, and to live in clearer surroundings. 7.The World Health Organization and other organizations are working improve health all over the world. 8.…you pay the cost of send a postcard, the librarian will write to you. 9....and let you to know when the book you want has returned.
10. I want to thank you again for have me in your home for the summer holidays. 11. I had always wanted return to the village after moving away.
12.It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home. 13.I look forward to hear from you soon.
14. Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also gives us a sense of fair play and team spirit.
15. I was often a little tired after a day’s work and watch TV demands very little effort. 16.I’d like very much come but I have an examination on Monday morning. 17. I’ll spend the whole weekend reading and prepare for it. 18. But then there is always more mysteries look into.
19.After learn the basics of the subject, nothing else seemed very practical to me.
20. My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure that I get a good education. 21.He did not want share things with other people. 22.That is, a game of tennis making him very busy.
23. As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. 24. But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports. 25. …children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves. 26.…to make children to want things that they don’t really need.
27. Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express myself in simple English. 28. Shake her head, she said,“It isn’t a good time to do that, dear.”
29.It’s like going to a huge library without have to walk around to find your books. 30. I am thinking of making a trip to London, and visit the British Museum and some parks. 31. I have some records giving to me as birthday gifts.
32. I dream of standing on the platform in the classroom and give lessons to lovely boys and girls. 非谓语动词单句改错之模拟训练：
1. In those days we were forced work twelve hours a day.
2. It’s very difficult for a foreigner learn Chinese. 3. It was silly of you believe what he said. 4. He was made wash the boss’s car once a day. 5. I’ll let you to know as soon as I hear from her. 6. I waved to her but failed attract her attention.
7. I have already seen the film twice. I don’t want see it any more. 8. What I want know is when all this happened. 9. It was clear that he wanted be alone.
10.Most children are interested in listen to stories. 11.Walk quickly is difficult for an old man. 12. Be careful in cross the street.
13. The film is very interesting. It is worth see twice. 14.Find work is very difficult these days.
15. Most of us students enjoy ask questions in English. 16. Look, some of my classmates are practising speak English. 17. Teach a child to sing and dance is very interesting. 18. Learn to speak English is more difficult than to write it. 19. My friend Jim is very good at making things and repair things. 20. He decided to go to the south, find a good job and living there.
21. It was very kind of you to buy us so much fruit and seeing us at the station. 22. Excuse me, would you to tell me the way to the zoo? 非谓语动词单句改错之提升训练：
1. A lot of money has been spent to buy the book. 2. You will have to pay the cost of send a postcard. 3. What he did was puzzled.
4. I will spend a week reading and prepare for the examination.
5. Charles and Linda do all of these things as well as climbed buildings. 6. Yesterday I had my bad tooth pulling out.
7. I heard her singing a song which moved me to tears.
8. I made a terrible mistake. I regretted not to taking your advice.
9. When we reached the top of the mountain, we stopped to having a rest before we went down the mountain. 10. There’ll be a good film tonight, remember to seeing it on time! 11. The game was over, she went home.
12. When speaking, you must make yourself hear. 13. She pretended not to seeing me when I came in.
14. Abraham Lincoln was considered to being one of the greatest of all American presidents. 15. Following by the officers, the general inspected the army. 16. There’s something wrong with my car, and it needs repaired. 17. Don’t burn the falling leaves on the ground.
18. Losing in thought, he almost ran into a car in front of him. 19. I enjoy listen to the classic music.
20. Judge by what he wears, he is a farmer. 学习札记：
_______________________________________________________ 非谓语动词单句改错之真题训练：