发布时间 : 星期四 文章2021高考英语一轮统考复习Book4Module4GreatScientists课时作业(含解析)外研版更新完毕开始阅读2c803ccfe3bd960590c69ec3d5bbfd0a7856d51f
Module 4 Great Scientists
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·广西柳州市高三上学期摸底考试)Dr Nancy Roman, born in 1925, who was celebrated as a pioneer for female scientists and had advanced the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope, died on Dec. 25, 2018.
When Nancy Roman asked for permission to take a second algebra (代数) course in high school, a teacher demanded to know “what lady would take mathematics instead of Latin”. In college, a professor admitted that he often tried to prevent women from majoring in physics but Nancy stuck to it. And after receiving Doctor's degree in astronomy, she found a professional home at NASA (美国宇航局). In 1959, Dr Roman became the first chief of astronomy at NASA headquarters, a role that made her one of the agency's first female leaders.
Dr Roman spent much of her career helping develop, fund and promote technology that would help scientists see more clearly beyond Earth's atmosphere. But her most wellknown work was perhaps leading to design the Hubble Space Telescope, the first major telescope to be sent into space for the purpose of gathering photographs and data from the universe. She was, therefore, named as “the mother of Hubble”.
“She made it possible to get the early telescope up into space to learn what needed to be learned，” said science historian Bob Zimmerman, “and her hardnosed nature helped get the telescope built.”
The telescope did not launch until 1990, a little more than a decade after Dr Roman retired, but when it did, its photographs of the universe thrilled the world. “I am glad，” she once told Science, “I ignored the people who told me that I could not be an astronomer.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国天文学家Nancy Roman传奇的一生。 文章旨在告诉我们坚持自己的梦想，你一定会成为你想成为的那个人！
1．What can we conclude from the teacher's reaction to Nancy Roman's application for taking a second algebra course?
A．The teacher doubted it. B．The teacher didn't care about it. C．The teacher accepted it at once. D．The teacher was strongly against it.
答案：A 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可知，在中学时当Nancy Roman请求批准再参
加代数课程时，一位老师要求知道“哪个女士会选择数学而不是拉丁语”，由此可推知老师持怀疑的态度，故选A。
2．What was the most famous achievement of Nancy Roman's work? A．She was one of the founders of NASA. B．She proved the black hole really existed. C．She was the first female astronomer in the world. D．She led to design the Hubble Space Telescope.
答案：D 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“但是她最著名的工作也许是带领设计哈勃空间望远镜，这是第一个被送入太空的大型望远镜，目的是从宇宙中收集照片和数据。”可知选D。
3．When did Dr Nancy Roman probably retire? A．In 1969. C．In 1990.
B．In 1979. D．In 2000.
答案：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The telescope did not launch until 1990, a little more than a decade after Dr Roman retired”(这种望远镜直到1990年才发射升空，在 Roman博士退休后的十多年)可推知选B。
4．What can we learn from Dr Nancy Roman's words in the last paragraph? A．She was very proud of what she had done for the country. B．She thought highly of the people who hadn't believed her.
C．She was delighted to have become an astronomer in spite of the prejudice on her.
D．She had hardnosed nature and never cared about other people's opinions. 答案：C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I ignored the people who told me that I could not be an astronomer.”(我不在乎那些告诉我不能成为天文学家的人。)可推知选C。
B
(2020·安徽六校教育研究会高三第一次素质测试)Dr John Wilkins was a natural philosopher who lived from 1614 until 1672. He was crazy about getting to the moon and meeting the people who surely lived there. Wilkins believed that anything as Earth-like as the moon must have been created by God for living beings, and he was determined to meet them—despite the fact that he was three centuries ahead of his time.
In the 1600s, the scientific understanding of gravity and outer space was limited. Wilkins believed, like many 17thcentury scientists, that there was no difference between the atmosphere of Earth and the conditions in space, and that Earth's pull was due to magnetism (磁力). It was only reasonable, then, that Wilkins believed a
twowheeled horsedrawn battle car with wings with enough speed could lift high enough off the ground to break free of Earth's magnetic pull and reach the moon.
Then Wilkins moved on to more pressing issues with his remarkable ability to think of new ideas: How would travelers feed themselves during the journey? He theorized that the main cause of hunger was simply the act of working against gravity, so getting to the moon without being burdened by it would be able to be realized. There was some knowledge at that time about the fact that air gets thinner and colder the higher up you go, but he had a fix for that too, “moistened sponges (湿润的海绵) might help us against its thinness”．
By studying the way in which birds fly, which also happened to be part of the studies that led to planes and rockets centuries later, Wilkins put his theory to the test with the help of a colleague, Robert Hooke. Neither of the two ever recorded their attempts, but it's somewhat safe to say that it didn't work out. Hooke himself may have been the reason he gave up hope, in fact, since he was part of the team that discovered space was a place without oxygen.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了约翰·威尔金斯博士是一位自然哲学家，他疯狂地想要登上月球，并为此在理论上做了很多准备。
5．What do we know about Dr John Wilkins? A．He dreamed of landing on the moon. B．He wrote about people living on the moon. C．He urged the public to know more about space. D．He had a rich knowledge of space in the 1670s.
答案：A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“He was crazy about getting to the moon and meeting the people who surely lived there.”可知，Dr John Wilkins梦想着登上月球。故选A。
6．Which of the following might Wilkins agree with? A．The air on the moon is not fit for human beings. B．People don't need to eat things on the moon. C．Earth's magnetism can be changed easily. D．Oxygen doesn't exist in outer space.
答案：B 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句话可知，Wilkins认为饥饿的原因与重力有关，所以他同意人们不需要在不受重力影响的月球上吃东西。故选B。
7．What can be concluded from Paragraphs 2&3? A．Wilkins had prepared a lot in theory.
B．Wilkins was ready for his moonlanding.
C．Wilkins made a great contribution to philosophy. D．Wilkins was the greatest natural philosopher in history.
答案：A 推理判断题。根据第二段中Wilkins提出的观点以及第三段转向更紧迫问题的研究可推知，Wilkins在理论上做了很多准备。故选A。
8．What is the author's purpose in writing the text? A．To honor a great scientist.
B．To encourage studies on outer space.
C．To introduce an early attempt of moonlanding. D．To inform people of the knowledge about the universe.
答案：C 推理判断题。根据整篇文章可知，Wilkins对登月的执著和向往以及他对登月所做的一系列研究和发现，所以作者的目的是通过Wilkins介绍早期的登月尝试。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020·全国新高三开学联考)In American history, Benjamin Franklin was famous for his proverbs. Franklin lived in the 1700s. He was a leader of the American Revolution against English rule. He was also a scientist, inventor and writer.
For many years, Franklin published a book called “Poor Richard's Almanac”. He included many proverbs that he had heard or created. __1__ Like this one：“Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.”
Franklin is also remembered for other proverbs like, “A penny saved is a penny earned.” __2__
Here are other examples of proverbs that Americans use. __3__ Some people say, “All is fair in love and war.” They mean that anything you do in a relationship or in battle is acceptable.
__4__ In other words, when you are in love with someone, you may refuse to see anything bad about that person.
Some people are only interested in having a relationship with someone who is very goodlooking. You might tell them that “Beauty is only skin deep.” Your girlfriend may be lovely to look at, but she may also have some bad qualities. __5__ Your boyfriend is a wonderful person, but not goodlooking. So what a person looks like is not really important.
Another proverb is true in love and war or other situations: “Actions speak louder than words.” It means that what you do is more important than what you say.
A．Or the opposite may be true.