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Directions: There are 4 passages in this Part. Each passage is followed by some questions or Unfinished statements. For each of
them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter
on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
In
the
1962
movie
Lawrence
of Arabia,
one
scene
shows
an American
newspaper
reporter
eagerly
snapping photos
of
men
looting
a
sabotaged
train.
One
of
the
looters,
Chief
Auda
abu
Tayi
of
the
Howeitat
clan,
suddenly
notices
the
camera
and
snatches it. Am I in this? he asks, before smashing it open. To the dismayed reporter, Lawrence explains, He thinks these things
will steal his virtue. He thinks you're a kind of thief.
As soon as colonizers and explorers began taking cameras into distant lands, stories began circulating about how indigenous
peoples
saw
them
as
tools
for
black
magic.
The
ignorant
natives
may
have
had
a
point.
When
photography
first
became
available,
scientists
welcomed
it
as
a
more
objective
way
of
recording
faraway
societies
than
early
travelers'
exaggerated
accounts. But in some ways, anthropological photographs reveal more about the culture that holds the camera than the one that
stares back. Up into the 1950s and 1960s, many ethnographers sought pure pictures of primitive cultures, routinely deleting
modern accoutrements such as clocks and Western dress. They paid men and women to re-enact rituals or to pose as members
of war or hunting parties, often with little regard for veracity. Edward Curtis, the legendary photographer of North American
Indians, for example, got one Makah man to pose as a whaler with a spear in 1915--even though the Makah had not hunted
whales in a generation.
These photographs reinforced widely accepted stereotypes that indigenous cultures were isolated, primitive, and unchanging.
For
instance,
National
Geographic
magazine's
photographs
have
taught
millions
of
Americans
about
other
cultures.
As
Catherine Lutz and Jane Collins point out in their 1993 book Reading National Geographic, the magazine since its founding in
1888 has kept a tradition of presenting beautiful photos that don't challenge white, middle-class American conventions. While
dark-skinned women can be shown without tops, for example, white women's breasts are taboo. Photos that could unsettle or
disturb, such as areas of the world torn asunder by war or famine, are discarded in favor of those that reassure, to conform with
the society's stated pledge to present only kindly visions of foreign societies. The result, Lutz and Collins say, is the depiction of
an idealized and exotic world relatively free of pain or class conflict.
Lutz actually likes National Geographic a lot. She read the magazine as a child, and its lush imagery influenced her eventual
choice of anthropology as a career. She just thinks that as people look at the photographs of other cultures, they should be alert
to the choice of composition and images.
1. The main idea of the passage is ______________.
[A] Photographs taken by Western explorers reflect more Westerners
¡¯
perception of the indigenous cultures and the Western
values.[B] There is a complicated relationship between the Western explorers and the primitive peoples.
[C] Popular magazines such as National Geographic should show pictures of the exotic and idealized worlds to maintain high
sales.[D] Anthropologists ask the natives to pose for their pictures, compromising the truthfulness of their pictures.
2. We can infer from the passage that early travelers to the native lands often _________.
[A] took pictures with the natives[B] gave exaggerated accounts of the native lands
[C] ask for pictures from the natives[D] gave the natives clocks and Western dresses
3. The author mentions the movie Lawrence of Arabia to ___________.
[A] show how people in the indigenous societies are portrayed by Westerners.
[B] illustrate how people from primitive societies see cameras as tools of black magic that steal their virtues.
[C] show how anthropologists portray untruthful pictures of native people.
[D] show the cruel and barbarian side of the native people.
4.
¡°
But in some ways, anthropological photographs reveal more about the culture that holds the camera than the one that stares
back.
¡±
In this sentence, the
¡°
one [culture] that stares back
¡±
refers to _______.
[A] the indigenous culture[B] the Western culture[C] the academic culture[D] the news business culture
5. With which of the following statements would Catherine Lutz most probably agree?
[A] Reporters from the Western societies should routinely delete modern elements in pictures taken of the indigenous societies.
[B] The primitive cultures are inferior to the more advanced Western culture.
[C] The western media are not presenting a realistic picture of the faraway societies.
[D] People in the Western news business should try not to challenge the well-established white middle-class values.