发布时间 : 星期二 文章2020高考英语新创新一轮复习语法第三部分第二讲简单句与并列句学案(含解析)北师大版更新完毕开始阅读2f815df5f321dd36a32d7375a417866fb84ac0a1
第二讲简单句与并列句
简单句 [全析考法] Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them alive. True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal________ (mean) me no real harm.
解析：meant 根据语境可知此处叙述的是发生在过去的事情，应该用一般过去时，故填meant。
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This included digging up the road, ________ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.
解析：laying laying和句中的digging up, building并列。
3．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal ________ (create) special designs.
解析：to create 句意：熟练的工人还会把各种硬质木材和金属组合起来以创作独特的样式。根据语境可知，此处应用不定式作目的状语。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)When I was little, Friday night was our family game night ...Still I unwilling to play the games with them sometimes.________________
解析：unwilling前加was unwilling是形容词，它和系动词一起构成“主系表”结构。此处叙述“我”小时候的事情，主语是I，所以用was。
2．(2016·四川高考)Both Dad and I planned to do something on Mother's Day. We get up early in the morning.________________
解析：get→got 此处描述母亲节当天的事，根据语境可知，此处应用一般过去时态。
[谨记规则]
简单句就是由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。简单句有五种基本句式，其他各种句式都是由这五种基本句式演变而来。
基本句型一：S＋V (主＋谓)
释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
S V (不及物动词) 1
1.Time 2.The moon 3.She 4.They 5.He
[特别注意]
flies. rose. sings beautifully. talked for half an hour. walked yesterday. 主语可有修饰语——定语，谓语可有修饰语——状语。 The red sun rises in the east.红色的太阳从东方升起。 基本句型二：S＋V＋O (主＋谓＋宾)
释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。
S 1.Who 2.She 3.They 4.Danny 5.I
基本句型三：S＋V＋IO＋DO (主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)
释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。
S 1.She 2.She 3.I 4.I 5.He V (及物) passed cooked showed told showed IO (多指人) him her husband him him me DO (多指物) a new dress. a delicious meal. my pictures. how to run the machine. the bus over there. V (及物动词) knows laughs at ate likes want O (宾语) the answer？ her. some apples. swimming. to have a cup of tea. 基本句型四：S＋V＋O＋C (主＋谓＋宾＋宾补) 释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。
S V (及物) O (宾语) C (宾补) 2
1.We 2.What 3.We 4.He 5.I
keep makes saw asked saw the table him him me them clean. sad？ out. to come back soon. getting on the bus. 基本句型五：S＋V＋P (主＋系＋表)
释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。
S 1.This 2.The dinner 3.He 4.The book 5.The weather
[知识拓展] 6类系动词
(1)状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有be (am, is, are, was, were)一词。 (2)持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand。
(3)表象系动词，用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look。 (4)感官系动词，主要有feel, smell, sound, taste。
(5)变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come。
(6)终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out。
[全析考法]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2016·四川高考)It was time for her to have a new baby, ________ it was also time for the young panda to be independent.
解析：and 根据语境可知，“It was time for ...”和“it was also time for ...”
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Linking-V (系动词) is smells fell is became P (表语) an English dictionary. good. happy. interesting. warmer. 并列句 之间是并列关系，故用and连接。
2．(2015·广东高考)One day, the cow was eating grass ________ it began to rain heavily.
解析：when be doing sth.when ...“正在做某事，这时突然……”。
3．(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)But the river wasn't changed in a few days ________ even a few months.
解析：or “a few days”和“a few months”之间为并列关系，且此句为否定句，因此要用or连接。
4．(2014·广东高考)We were told that our rooms hadn't been reserved for that week, ________ for the week after.
解析：but not ...but ...为固定结构，表示“不是……而是……”。 Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return every two years, but he agreed.________________
解析：but→and 根据语境可知，此处表示顺承关系，用并列连词and。
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Everyone was silent, waiting to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud.________________
解析：and→or 此处表示“他的或者她的”段落，应该属于一种选择关系，而不是并列关系。
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor's orders, so once I started the car, my mind went blank.________________
解析：so→but/yet 此处表示“我认为我已经明白了教练的指令，但是车一启动，脑子一片空白”。根据语境可知，前后分句之间不是因果关系而是转折关系。
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)I have grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years.________________
解析： and→but not only ...but also ...是固定短语，意为“不但……而且……”，连接并列成分。
5．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are used for cooking.________________
解析：or→and 根据语境可知，新鲜的蔬菜与高品质的油二者之间为并列关系而非选择关系。
6．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)We can choose between staying at home and taking a trip.If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money.________________
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