发布时间 : 星期六 文章助动词的用法口诀更新完毕开始阅读33cd3a9ebe1e650e53ea99a8
Unit 4
The first underground in the world
Welcome to the London Underground,1. as it is commonly known, the Tube. It
has2 distinction of being the oldest and most complex underground system in the world. During the first half of the 19th century, train services to London3 (develop). However, most trains4 London only went to the distant boundary of the city because building railway tracks into the city would have caused damage to many5 (history)buildings. 6 , many buses were needed to transport people to the city centre.7. (Fortunate) , the increased number of vehicles on the road choked 8. traffic, and the roads became so busy9 no one could travel anywhere. This problem10. traffic led to the development of the underground system.
欢迎来到伦敦地铁——通常它也被称为“管子”。伦敦地铁久负盛名，因为它是世界上最古老且最复杂的地铁系统。在19世纪上半叶，旧有了通往伦敦的火车交通服务。但是大部分通往伦敦的火车只到伦敦城的远郊，因为在拾取内修建铁路会损害许多古建筑。这就需要大量公共汽车把人们运送到市中心。不幸的好似马路上增加的车辆把道路堵得水泄不通，交通变得如此拥堵以致于所有的人都寸步难移。这样，交通问题形成了地铁得以发展的契机。 改错：
In 1854, it decided that the Metropolitan Railway Company could build a underground railway between Paddington and Farringdon, this would be a shuttle between King’s Cross, St Pancreas, Euston, Paddington and the centre of London. The first tunnels was opened in 1863 and passengers were transported in carriages without windows, what were pulled through the comparatively narrowly tunnels by steam engines. Can you imagine the smoke and the noise? In 1868, the next section of the underground system was opened in the south of London by other company call the Metropolitan District Railway. Sixteen years late , in 1884, the Metropolitan Railway Company and the Metropolitan District Railway linked up and provid the underground service in the middle of the city. This later became the Circle Line.
1854年，大都会铁路公司被授权在帕丁顿和法林顿之间建了一条地下铁路。这便成为王十字火车站、圣潘克里斯、尤斯顿、帕丁顿和伦敦中心之间的快速通道。首批地铁隧道于1863年开通，它们紧靠地面。旅客们乘坐的是没有窗户的火车，这些火车由蒸汽机驱动穿梭于相对狭窄的隧道。你能想象到那浓烟和噪音吗？1968年地铁系统的另一段在伦敦南部由一家叫大都会区铁路的公司开通运行。16年后于1884年大都会铁路公司与大都会区公司取得联系共同为城市中部提供地铁服务。此线后来变成了环线。
1 more2 (advance) ways3 digging tunnels were developed, the first railway tunnel under the River Thames4 (dig) in 1884. These new ways of digging 5 (accelerate) the pace of the London Underground’s6. (develop). The City and South London Railway linked other places in London in 7 1880s. 8 the next twenty-five years,
Six9 (depend) deep underground lines were made. Traveling on these lines was inconvenient, 10 ,as each line was separately owned and many were very far from each other.
随着开挖隧道方法的日渐进步，第一条穿过泰晤士河底的地铁隧道于1884年竣工。这些新的隧道开挖方法加快了伦敦地铁发展的脚步。19世纪80年代伦敦市线和南伦敦铁路线与伦敦其他地区线路连了起来。在以后的25年里又有六条独立的深层地铁线建成。然后搭乘这些线路很不方便，因为每条线都分别各归其主而且许多线路之间相距甚远。
1
改错：Have seen the situation, a wealth American businessman, Charles Yerkes, tried to improve the system by buy many of the different lines and setting up the Underground Group. After his acquisition of the lines, each one was given a name and most of the name are still used today. In the1933, a public organization called the London Transport Board created. The Underground Group, the Metropolitan Line and all the different bus and train lines were placed in the authority of the Board. This organization eventual became London Transport. Between 1918 and 1938, there was many expansion as new connections were built between train lines, and new stations were built. An architect call Charles Holden was responsible for designing many of these stations and they are still in use today.
见此情形，意为美国富商查尔斯·耶基斯通过购买许多不同的地铁线并建立地铁集团来尽力改善地铁系统。收购后他给每条线起了名字，很多名字至今还在使用。1933年一个叫做伦敦客运总署饿公共机构成立。地铁集团、大都会支线以及所有的公交、火车线都归该署掌管。这个机构最终成为伦敦交通运输管理局。1918年与1938年之间，随着地铁线之间建立了不少新的交叉以及新火车站的建成，伦敦地铁有了大的扩张。一位名叫查尔斯·霍尔登的建筑师负责设计了许多新火车站，它们至今仍在使用。
During World War II, when London was bombed, many underground
stations (function) as bomb shelters. A newly-built line (use) as an underground aeroplane factory, a (close)station was used as anti-aircraft centre, and the station nearest the Prime Minister’s house was used by the Prime Minister meeting rooms so the underground system had some unusual ( use )during the war! 第二次世界大战期间，当伦敦被轰炸时，许多地铁站成了防空洞。一条新建的地铁线被用作地下飞机制造厂，一个已关闭的地铁站被用作反空袭中心，最靠近首相住所的那个站被首相用作政府行政会议室。所以地铁系统在二战时期发挥了特殊的作用。
改错:After World War II was ended in 1945, more people travelled on the underground, and more lines were added. This included the Victoria Line linked with other lines at almost every station. This helped make the system much user-friendly. The last line add was the Jubilee Line in 1977 in the honour of the twenty-fifth anniversary of Queen Elizabeth’s crowning.
The London underground system was working to transport millions of people effective as it has done for many years. Three millions people travel on the underground every day. The network of the underground system includes twelve lines and now goes twenty-six miles out of central London. So why not to take a trip on the oldest underground system today by one of the travel cards that permits you to travel all over the underground system.1945年二战结束后，更多的人乘坐地铁，于是更多的地铁线建成。其中包括维多利亚线，它所有的站几乎都和其他线相连。这使得地铁系统对乘客来说更加方便。最后一条新建的路线叫朱比利线，是于1977年为纪念伊丽莎白女王登基25周年而修建的。
伦敦地铁每年成功运送成百万的乘客，且多年如此。每天有三百万人乘坐地铁。整个地铁网络包括12条，现在地铁已延伸到距离伦敦中心26英里以外的地区。所以今天为什么不乘坐世界上最古老的地铁观光一番呢？来吧，到我们的售票处买一张旅行卡，你就可以畅游整个地铁系统。
2
助动词的用法口诀
助动词，用法怪；只当佐料不当菜。句型变换显身手；常与时态谈恋爱。have完成be进行；will将来三大块。加上各自过去式；总共构成六时态。否定疑问靠它们；用法如同be相待。一般现在和过去；没有助动也无碍。3
否定疑问照常变；过去did,do现在。 第三人单用does；遵守be法和情态。 特殊疑问句疑问词的选用口诀如下： 特殊疑问有多变；人作主语who来问。 How long用来问多久；多久一次how often。 问到钟点what time；什么时候when走前。 What does问职业；哪个which在前面。 价格多少how much；how many可数永不变。 要问地点用where；怎么让how上前线。 年龄总是how old；what colour涂颜面。
There be句型用法口诀
There be句型有特点，主语放在be后边。 主语单三用is，复数主语要用are。 变否定，很简单，be后要把not添。 变问句也不难，把be提到there前。 肯定句中用some，否定疑问any换。
动词do用法口诀
实动表示“做、干”，现在时态看“单三”。 简略答语可用do，代替“上述”免重复。 Don’t do sth..构否定，Do sb. do疑问型。
助动词用法口诀
新添助动词很重要，时态人称一肩挑， 句型转换打头阵，谓语还原要记牢。
have/has用法口诀
动词have表示“有”，位置就在主语后。 “三单”主语用has，其他人称have留。
一般问句两法变：
一是把它提向前，或者句首do来添。 否定句子也一样，就看not怎么放。
4