发布时间 : 星期二 文章2020届吉林省吉林市高三第三次调研测试英语试题(解析版)更新完毕开始阅读3a35d155b5360b4c2e3f5727a5e9856a5712265b
activities as all the other volunteers but I also get to do my own research in addition to those activities.可知，这对我来说是完美的，因为我不仅做了与所有其他志愿者相同的活动，而且除了这些活动外，我还可以做我自己的研究。因此推断作者意识到这个项目很适合他。故选D。
C
When you start working on something but don’t finish it, thoughts of the unfinished work continue to jump into your mind even when you’ve moved on to other things. Psychologists refer to this psychological phenomenon as the Zeigarnik effect. The effect was first observed by a Russian psychologist named Bluma Zeigarnik. While sitting in a busy restaurant in Vienna, she noted the waiters had better memories of unpaid orders. Once the bill was paid, however, the waiters had difficulty remembering the exact details of the orders.
In one of her studies, participants were asked to complete simple tasks such as putting together puzzles, or solving math problems. Half of the participants were interrupted halfway through these tasks. After an hour-long delay, Zeigarnik asked the participants to give an account of what they’d been working on. She discovered that those who had their work interrupted were twice as likely to remember what they had been doing as those who had actually completed the tasks.
We can use this effect to our advantage. For example, if you’re struggling to memorize something important, momentary interruptions might actually work to your advantage. Rather than simply remember the information over and over again, review it several times and then take a break. While you’re focusing on other things, you’ll find yourself mentally returning to the information you were studying.
We often put off tasks until the last moment, only completing them in a rush at the last possible moment. Unfortunately, this tendency can lead to heavy stress and even poor performance. One way to overcome this is to put the Zeigarnik effect to work. Start by taking the first step, no matter how small. Once you’ve begun，but not finished your work, you’ll find yourself thinking of the task until, at last, you finish it. You might not finish it all at once, but each small step you take puts you closer to your final goal. 8. What does the Zeigarnik effect refer to ? A. Waiters tend to have good memories. B. Once interrupted, one will forget things easily. C. Most people can’t focus on one thing for a long time. D. People remember unfinished tasks better than completed ones. 9. What were all the participants required to do in the study? A. Describe their tasks. C. Test their intelligence.
B. Express their feelings. D. Design simple activities.
10. How should we study according to the Zeigarnik effect? A. Repeat over and over again. C. Focus on several tasks at a time.
11. What’s the main idea of the last paragraph? A. How to get rid of heavy stress. B. Why we should set a final goal. C. How to break the habit of delaying work. D. Why we always complete tasks in a rush. 【答案】8. D 9. A 10. B 11. C 【解析】
本文是说明文。本文主要介绍了一种常见的心理现象—蔡加尼克效应。这种心理现象对我们的生活与学习有诸多启示。 【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中While sitting in a busy restaurant in Vienna, she noted the waiters had better memories of unpaid orders. Once the bill was paid, however, the waiters had difficulty remembering the exact details of the orders.(当她坐在维也纳一家繁忙的餐馆里时，她注意到服务员对未付订单有更好的记忆。 然而，一旦账单被支付，服务员就很难记住订单的确切细节。)和第二段的She discovered that those who had their work interrupted were twice as likely to remember what they had been doing as those who had actually completed the tasks.(她发现，那些工作被打断的人比那些实际完成任务的人更有可能记住他们所做的事情)可推断，蔡加尼克效应指人们对于尚未处理完的事比已处理完成的事情印象更加深刻。故选D。 【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的After an hour-long delay, Zeigarnik asked the participants to give an account of what they’d been working on.可知，Zeigarnik要求参与者描述他们一直在做什么。故选A。 【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的if you’re struggling to memorize something important, momentary interruptions might actually work to your advantage. Rather than simple remember the information over and over again, review it several times and then take a break.（如果你在努力记住一些重要的东西，短暂的中断实际上可能对你有利。 可推断，不是简单地一遍又一遍地记住信息，而是复习几遍，然后休息一下.）我们应该分几个时间段学习。故选B。
B. Divide up our study session. D. Have enough rest before studying.
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段的One way to overcome this is to put the Zeigarnik effect to work.（克服这一问题的一种方法是使蔡蔡蔡蔡蔡蔡发挥作用。 ）以及下文讲述的实施过程可知，本段主要告诉我们如何有效利用蔡加尼克效应来改善拖延症。故选C。
D
We've certainly seen a dog nursing a wound, or a deer calling out in pain. But many animals suffer in silence. The most silent sufferers in the animal world may be fish.
Do fish feel pain? A new study from the University of Liverpool has found that fish feel pain in a way that's \reviewed the existing body of research 98 studies in all and concluded that they feel pain just as sharply as we do.\
When subject to a potentially painful event, fish show changes in behavior such as stopping feeding and reduced activity, which are prevented when a pain-relieving drug is provided. In fact, like us, they breathe heavily and stop eating when they're hurting. They will even rub the part of their body that aches.\release.
To understand pain in other species, scientists look at nociceptors (疼痛感受器), which send signals to the brain when the body is being damaged. Humans have them throughout their skin, bones and muscles. Nociceptors have also been found in many other species, including even those tiny fruit flies.
Fish have the same means to detect pain signals and the equipment to receive them. Besides, the fishermen's opinion that fish feel no pain just doesn't add up from an evolutionary view. Pain is an efficient messenger that tells, us that we've got a problem. An animal that can't feel it won't get that memo (ER), even if it hurts itself.
\should be taken when handling fish to avoid damaging theirs sensitive skin and they should be humanely caught and killed.\
12. What can we learn about fish? A. They are insensitive to pain. C. They won't react to painkillers.
13. What will a fish do when its lips get hurt? A. It might rub its lips.
C. It will swim around like crazy.
B. It will keep its mouth open. D. It will keep eating to forget pain. B. They are able to sense pain.
D. Their brain is the first to send pain signals.
14. What is the significance of the study according to Sneddon?
A. People will treat fish in a kinder way. B. People can understand evolution better. C. People can develop more drugs to save fish. D People will think of more ways to catch fish.
15. What does the underlined part \ A. Disappear. C. Make sense.
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. A 15. C 【解析】 【分析】
B. Put forward. D. Happen.
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一项研究，研究表明鱼可以感觉疼痛，鱼感到疼痛后做法与人相似，会停止进食和减少活动；科学家们观察了其它物种疼痛感受器，了解了疼痛感受器是如何运作的，Sneddon呼吁人们人道主义地对待鱼。 【12题详解】
细节理解题。由第二段的句子“For the study, Lynne Sneddon, from the university's Institute of Integrative Biology, reviewed the existing body of research 98 studies in all and concluded that they feel pain just as sharply as we do.”可知，在这项研究中，从现有的98项研究得出结论，鱼类和我们一样感到疼痛，说明鱼能感受疼痛，B项A项排除；切题，由第三段的句子“When subject to a potentially painful event, fish show changes in behavior such as stopping feeding and reduced activity, which are prevented when a pain-relieving drug is provided.”可知，鱼受伤会停止进食和减少活动，而当提供止痛药物时，这些都会被阻止，所以对止疼药有反应，排除C项；由第四段的第一句“To understand pain in other species, scientists look at nociceptors (疼痛感受器), which send signals to the brain when the body is being damaged.”可知，当身体受到损伤时，疼痛感受器会向大脑发送信号，不是大脑发送的，排除D项。故选B项。 【13题详解】
推理判断题。由第三段地句子“In fact, like us, they breathe heavily and stop eating when they 're hurting. They will even rub the part of their body that aches.”可知，鱼受伤时和我们一样，呼吸沉重，停止进食，甚至会摩擦身体疼痛的部位，可以推理出鱼的嘴唇受伤时鱼会摩擦自己的嘴唇。故选A项。 【14题详解】
推理判断题。由最后一段“\
.