发布时间 : 星期五 文章[英语]山东省淄博市淄川中学2018-2019学年高一下学期下学期期中考试试题更新完毕开始阅读3aef21965dbfc77da26925c52cc58bd631869302
B
The human brain remembers negative experiences more easily than positive ones. Our brains have developed in this way because threats, like dangerous animals, have a more immediate effect on people’s survival compared to positive things like food or shelter. As a result, you clearly know what makes you unhappy, but do you know what makes you happy?
Research suggests that our level of happiness is partly shaped by the choices we make. If you’ve been chasing wealth, fame, power and some material things, you may be looking for happiness in the wrong places. Psychologists suggest that the following habits can make people happier.
People who own close relationships tend to be happier than those who do not. The number of our friends is not important. What matters is the quality of our relationships. Relationships that bring happiness usually consist of the sharing of feelings, acceptance, mutual (双方的) respect and trust.
People who exercise regularly can improve both their physical and mental well-being. Some research has shown that exercise can be as effective as some medicine in treating depression.
If we are so interested in an activity, we may lose track of time, and we can be in a state of flow. The activity could be playing the piano, surfing the Internet or playing a game… People who experience flow in their work or life tend to be happier.
People are more likely to be happy if they know what their strengths are and can use them regularly. People are especially happy when they can set goals and use their strengths to achieve them.
People, who think positively by being grateful, mindful and optimistic, are more likely to be happy. Being grateful means being thankful. Being mindful means considering, focusing on, and enjoying the experiences of the present moment. Being optimistic means being hopeful about the future.
24. Human brains remember negative things more easily because negative things___. A. tend to affect human survival immediately B. are much more important than other things C. can make people live much happier
D. are easy to remember
25. According to this passage, people may find happiness in___. A. being famous C. setting life goals
B. chasing power D. earning money
26. In the last paragraph, the author tries to tell us to ____.
A. think more about our future B. be positive in our life and work C. focus on everything in our life D. only enjoy the present moment 27. What does the passage mainly want to tell us? A. Why people remember positive things easily. B. Why people remember negative things easily. C. What makes people happy. D. What makes people sad.
C
American English began in the 17th century. At the beginning of the 17th century, the English language was brought to North America by colonists (殖民者) from England. They used the language spoken in England, that is, Elizabethan English, the language used by Shakespeare.
In order to exploit (开发) new resources in America, British colonists settled down there and from 1607 to 1732 set up thirteen colonies. In these thirteen areas, English was a common language used by all people. They continued to speak as they had done in England.
As time went by, the English language gradually changed on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. Foreigners longing for wealth set foot on the coastal area to trade. The Americans adopted many words from foreign languages and invented lots of new words to meet their commercial (贸易的) needs.
Following American Independence, famous people like Thomas Jefferson, the president, began to consider that the country should have a language of its own. Noah Webster compiled (编纂) three elementary books on English. Later, he expressed the idea that as an independent nation, America should have a system of its own in language as well as in government. After the second half of the 19th century, many great writers such as Mark Twain helped the development of American English.
English in America has developed a character of its own, showing the life and the physical and social environment of the American people. Since the rise of the United States to a position of world importance, American English has been developing and changing. There is no doubt that American English will enrich the English language greatly. With the rapid development of modern mass media and the common needs of economic, cultural and political exchanges, American English will be more widely used in the world than British English.
28. What can we infer from paragraph 3?
A. People from the seaside were more willing to learn English. B. The English language changed as a result of inner culture shock. C. New words occurred in American English as a result of local invention. D. International business contributed to the development of American English. 29. What do we know about American English according to the passage? A. It came into being at the end of the 17th century.
B. It hardly makes contributions to the development of English. C. Its development has a close relationship with American people’s life. D. It has been more widely used than British English from the beginning. 30. What’s the best title for the passage?
A. The Difference between American English and British English. B. The development of American English. C. The Birth of American English. D. Language and Business.
第二节 (共 5 小题，每小题 2 分，满分 10 分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Characteristics of an excellent scientist
The Free Dictionary defines (定义) a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences, especially natural science or physical science.
___31___. Let’s look at some characteristics of an excellent scientist. Curiosity.
___32___. Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work. If a scientist doesn’t have the drive to ask questions or even wonder, then he/she never gets to the first stage of the scientific process.
Patience.
___33___. There are very few jobs that take longer than this one. Even if you think you have received some education on science, you still have a lot of scientific research to do. If you’re an instant-gratification (及时满足的) type of person, this may not be the best choice for you.
Ethical (道德的) qualities.
In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good, a scientist must have a desire to improve people’s life as well as the environment and living things, since they are all linked and they can affect one another in the long run. A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal or outside commercial (商业的) interests. Sticking to an old belief contradicted (反驳) by evidence is dishonest. ___34___. Working habits.
An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation, keeping it in mind and recording it. ___35___. He/She also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally. Networking skills connect him/her with colleagues working on similar projects where he/she may discover something new.
A. Becoming a scientist takes a long time.
B. An excellent scientist must be very curious about things. C. It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods. D. However, that belief shouldn’t be changed without powerful evidence. E. He/She can work well alone or in groups, depending on what’s needed. F. To make discoveries in human knowledge, you have to think differently. G. One of the main places that many scientists work in is the research laboratory. 第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。