·¢²¼Ê±¼ä : ÐÇÆÚÎå ÎÄÕÂ10 - 11ÕÂÏ°Ìâ¼°²Î¿¼´ð°¸-1¸üÐÂÍê±Ï¿ªÊ¼ÔĶÁ3e0e7cdfce2f0066f5332216
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ÎÊÌâ10.1д³öÏÂÁл¯ºÏÎïµÄ¹¹ÔìÒì¹¹Ìå²¢ÃüÃû.
(1) C5H12O (2) C4H8O ´ð°¸:
(1)CH3CH2CHCH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CHCH3CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH(CH3)3CH2OH3-Îì´¼OHHO2-Îì´¼OHÕýÎì´¼2,2-¶þ¼×»ù±û´¼CH3CCH2CH3CH3CHCHCH3HOCH2CHCH2CH3CH3CHCH2CH2OHCH3CH2OCHCH3CHCH33CHCH33CHOH32-¼×»ù-2-¶¡´¼3-¼×»ù-2-¶¡´¼2-¼×»ù-1-¶¡´¼3-¼×»ù-1-¶¡´¼2-ÒÒÑõ»ù±ûÍéCH3OCH2CH2CH2CH3CH3CH2OCH2CH2CH3CH3OCHCH2CH3CH3OCH2CHCH3CH3¼×»ù¶¡»ùÃÑÒÒ»ù±û»ùÃÑ2-¼×Ñõ»ù¶¡Íé2-¼×»ù-3-¼×Ñõ»ù±ûCH3Íé(2)H3CCH2OHHCH2OHHCCCCHH(Z)-2-¶¡Ï©-1-´¼H3C(E)-2-¶¡Ï©-1-´¼CH2=C(CH3)CH2OHCH2=CHCHCH3OHCH2=CHCH2CH2OH2-¼×»ù-2-±ûÏ¡-1-´¼3-¶¡Ï©-2-´¼3-¶¡Ï©-1-´¼CH2OHCHOH3CH3OH»·¶¡´¼»·±û»ù¼×´¼·´-2-¼×»ù»·±û´¼Ë³-2-¼×»ù»·±û´¼OHH
ÎÊÌâ10.2 ÉÏÌâÖÐÄÄЩ»¯ºÏÎïÓÐÁ¢ÌåÒì¹¹Ìå?д³öËüÃǵĹ¹ÐͺÍÃû³Æ.
´ð°¸:
(1)CH3CH2CH2CHCH3CH3CHCHCH3HOCH2CHCH2CH3CH3OCHCH2CH3OHCHOHCH33CH32R-Îì´¼3-¼×»ù-2R-¶¡´¼2R-¼×»ù-1-¶¡´¼2R-¼×Ñõ»ù¶¡Íé
CH(2)3CHCH3OH2=CHCHCH3OHSSSR3-¶¡Ï©-2-´¼·´-2-¼×»ù»·±û´¼Ë³-2-¼×»ù»·±û´¼OH
ÎÊÌâ10.3 (1) ½«ÏÂÁл¯ºÏÎïÃüÃû:
(CH3)2CHCH2CH2CH2CH2OH(C6H5)3OH(CH3)2CHCH2CHCH2OHC6H5C(CH2CH=CH2)2CHOH3
(2)д³öÏÂÁл¯ºÏÎïµÄ¹¹Ôì»ò¹¹ÐÍ.
3-¼×»ù-2-Îì´¼ , 2-»·¼ºÏ©-1-´¼ , (E)-4-¸ýÏ©-2-´¼ , ÊåÎì´¼
1
´ð°¸: (1) 5-¼×»ù¼º´¼ Èý±½¼×´¼ 2,4-¶þ¼×»ùÎì´¼ 4-±½»ù-1,6-¸ý¶þÏ©-4-´¼
HOHCH3OHCH3CH(OH)CH2CHCCH2CH3CH3CHCHCH2CH3£¨CH3£©2C£¨OH£©CH2CH3 ÎÊÌâ10.4 ÏÂÁл¯ºÏÎïÓ¦ÈçºÎºÏ³É?
(1)CHCHCHCH6523OH(2)C6H5C(CH3)2OH(3)CH3(4)CH3CH3CH2CCH2CH3OHCH3CHCH3(CH2)4C(CH2)4CH3OHCH3(5)(6)CH3CH2CHCH2CH(CH3)2OH(7)(C6H5)3CCH2OH(8)CH3CH2CCOHC6H5CCH2CH3OH
´ð°¸:
(1)CH3CH2BrMgÒÒÃÑCHOCH3CH2MgBrCHOMgBrCH2CH3OMgBrH3OC6H5CHCH2CH3OH
(2)OCCH3CH3MgBrC(CH3)2H3OC6H5C(CH3)2OH»ò´Ó±½ºÍ±ûͪºÏ³É¸üºÃ
CH3(3)OMgBrOCH3MgBrCH3CH2CCH2CH3CH3CH2CCH2CH3CH3H3OCH3CH2CCH2CH3OH´ÓÒÒ´¼ºÍ2-¶¡Íª¸üºÃ
CH3CH3(4)CH3CO(CH2)4CH3CH3(CH2)4MgBrCH3(CH2)4C(CH2)4CH3OMgBrH3OCH3(CH2)4C(CH2)4CH3OH´ÓÒÒËáÒÒõ¥ºÍ1-Îì´¼
(5)OCH3CH2CH(CH3)2CHCH2MgBrCH3CH2CHCH2CH(CH3)2OMgBrH3OCH3CH2CHCH2CH(CH3)2OH´Ó±û´¼ºÍÒ춡ϩ
(6)(C6H5)3CBrOHCHO(C6H5)3CCH2OMgBrCH3CNaH3O(C6H5)3CCH2OHÈý±½»ùäå¼×ÍéµÄºÏ³É£¿
CH3(7)CH3CH2CCH3HCCH3CH2CCONaCHH3OCH3CH2CCOHCH
(8)OCCH3OMgBrCH3CH3CH2MgBrCCH3CH2CH3H3OC6H5CCH2CH3OH
ÎÊÌâ10.5ÈçºÎÓÉÏÂÁÐÔÁϺϳÉ1-±½ÒÒ´¼(C6H5CH(OH)CH3?
2
(1)äå±½ (2)±½¼×È© (3)±½ÒÒͪ (4) ±½ÒÒÏ© ´ð°¸:
(1)BrMgMgBrCH3CHOCH3(2)ÒÒÃÑCHOCH3MgClOHCH3H3O(3)OHOCH3NaBH4H2OH+OHCH3(4)CHCH2OHCH3
ÎÊÌâ10.6ÈçºÎÓÉÏÂÁÐÔÁϺϳÉ2--±½ÒÒ´¼(C6H5CH2CH2OH)? (1)äå±½ (2)±½ÒÒÏ© (3)±½ÒÒȲ (4)±½ÒÒËáÒÒõ¥ ´ð°¸:
(1)Br1. Mg, Et2OOMgBrH2O,H+OH(2)CH=CH21. B2H62. H2O2,OHOH2.(3)CCHOCH=CH21. B2H62. H2O2,OHOH(4)OCH2COEtlindlerLiAlH4CH2CH2OH
ÎÊÌâ10.7 1,2--,1,3¡ªºÍ1,4¡ª»·¼º¶þ´¼¸÷Óм¸ÖÖÁ¢ÌåÒì¹¹Ìå. ´ð°¸:1£¬2-£¬1£¬3-¸÷ÓÐÈýÖÖ£¬1£¬4-ÓÐÁ½ÖÖÈçÏÂͼËùʾ
OHOHOHOHOHOHOHOH,OHOH,OH_+_+OH
ÎÊÌâ10.8 д³öÏÂÁл¯ºÏÎïÓøߵâËáÑõ»¯Éú³ÉµÄ²úÎï.
CH3OHOHCH3CH3OHCH2OHOHOHOHOH
O´ð°¸:
OCH3O,OOO,HCHO,O
ÎÊÌâ10.9 Âȱ½·ÓºÍ»·¼º´¼ÈçºÎ·ÖÀë?
´ð°¸: ÔÚ»ìºÍÒºÖмÓÈëÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒº,¶ÔÂȱ½·ÓÔÚÎÞ»ú²ãÖÐ,¼ÓÒÒÃÑÝÍÈ¡»·¼º´¼£¬·Ö³öÓлú²ã£¬Õô
È¥ÒÒÃÑÔÙ½øÐг£Ñ¹ÕôÁ󼴵õ½»·¼º´¼, Ë®ÏàËữ¿ÉµÃµ½¶ÔÂÈ·Ó.
3
ÎÊÌâ10.10 д³öÏÂÁз´Ó¦µÄ²úÎï.
OH(1)H3COH(2)CH3H(CH3)2CCH2C2CH3Br2, CHCl3H0¡æ2SO4(3)OHBrCHOCH3CH2CCl,AlCl3O(4)HNO3,HOAcOCH3CH3OH
´ð°¸:
(1)H3COHOH(2)HCH3C2CH3OHBr(3)CCH2CH3(4)CHOBrOCHO2NOCH33OH
Ï°Ìâ
1. ÍƲâÏÂÁз´Ó¦µÄ»úÀí¡£
CH6H5C6H5H(1)H+(2)OHOHBrHH3C3COH
CH2=CH2CH3
(3)OOHH+OH100%(4)H+++
´ð°¸£º
CH6H5CH6H5C6H5+H(1)H+-H2OOHOHH3C2+ 4