初中英语词性专项训练及讲解 联系客服

发布时间 : 星期四 文章初中英语词性专项训练及讲解更新完毕开始阅读3f075a410a4e767f5acfa1c7aa00b52acfc79cf3

名 词

名词的概念:表示人,事物或抽象概念的词。 名词的分类: 专有名词 China, the Pacific Ocean, the Great Wall, the Smiths, 名 个体名词 bike, desk 词 普通名词 集体名词 class, furniture, people 物质名词 rice, glass, water, paper 抽象名词 danger, love, health, knowledge

第一讲 专有名词和普通名词

一. 专有名词:

表示特定的或独一无二的人或物,如人名,地名和机构名称等。 1.专有名词的首字母要大写,如 China, Africa, Mr. Green

2.一般的人名,地名通常不带定冠词,但河流,海洋,群岛,海峡等名称带定冠词。the Pacific Ocean, the English Channel

3.某些由普通名词组成的专有名词也带定冠词。如:the Children’s Palace the People’s Park

4. 专有名词一般没有复数形式。 但表示姓的专有名词变成复数时,指该姓的一家人,前面必须加定冠词。如:the Greens, the Smiths, the Wangs

二. 普通名词

表示一类人,物或事,可以分为个体名词,集体名词,物质名词和抽象名词。 1.个体名词指人或物的个体,是可数名词。

2.集体名词是一群人或物的总称,有些是可数名词,有些是不可数名词。 可数名词: a class---two classes a team------ two teams 不可数名词:furniture equipment

3. 物质名词表示不能分为个体的物质, 是不可数名词。如 rice, paper, water 4.抽象名词表示人或物的品质,状态等抽象概念,是不可数名词。如interest, love

专 项 训 练 1

1. There are some ____ in the fridge.

A. fruit B. dishes C. bread D. ice-cream 2. ______ chicken did you have for lunch?

A. How B. Want C. How D. How much 3. I think you’d better not eat ______ sweets.

A. too many B. too much C. so many D. so much 4. ______ Amazon is shorter than ______ Nile.

A. An, a B. The, / C. / , / D. The, the

5. The Browns ______ a football match when the guests knocked on the door.

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A. was watching B. is watching C. were watching D. are watching 6. China is famous for______

A. great wall B. the great wall .C. Great Wall D. the Great Wall 7. The government needs _____ money to make the rivers clean.

A. a lot B. a great many C. a large amount of D. a large number of 8. Washington is the capital of _______.

A. America B. an America C. the America D. Americans 9. We should take _______

A. a good advice B. an advice good C. some good advice D. some good advices 10. TV news often gives us lots of______

A. informations B. information C. piece of information D. pieces of informations

第二讲 可数名词变复数

一. 规则名词变复数:

1. 一般情况下加s, s在清辅音后读/s/ , map在浊辅音和元音后读/z/ bag, car 2. 以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾的名词,加-es变为复数。 Class, box, brush, match

3. 以 o 结尾的名词,加 es变为复数,如 radio, photo, zoo, piano, video, kilo

但以 o结尾的名词如果是有生命的,就要加es 变为复数。 如 hero, negro, tomato, potato, mango

但蚊子mosquito, zero有两种复数形式 mosquitos 或mosquitoes. Zeros, zeroes

4. 以辅音字母加y 结尾的名词, 变y 为i 再加 es。

如:city, lady, family, factory, dormitory.

5. 以f或 fe结尾的名词,变 f或 fe为v,再加es

如life, knife, wife, wolf, half, shelf , scarf

但也有以 f结尾的名词,可直接加s 变为复数的。 如roof, proof, gulf

两种方法均可的: handkerchief 二. 不规则名词变复数

1) child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth

mouse---mice man---men woman---women

注意:由一个词加 man 或 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women,如an Englishman,two Englishmen。但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。

2) 单复同形,如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese ,li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。

3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。例如: people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle, the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用,如The Chinese are industries and brave. 中

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国人民是勤劳勇敢的。

4) 以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:

a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,一般是不可数名词,为单数。 b. news 为不可数名词。

c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。

The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。 d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。例如: \《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。 5) 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes等,若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。 6) 另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼。

不同国籍人的单复数

国籍 总称(谓语用复数) 单数 复数

中国人 the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese 瑞士人 the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss

澳大利亚人the Australians an Australian two Australians 俄国人 the Russians a Russian two Russians 意大利人 the Italians an Italian two Italians 希腊人 the Greek a Greek two Greeks

法国人 the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen 日本人 the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese

美国人 the Americans an American two Americans 印度人 the Indians an Indian two Indians

加拿大人 the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians 德国人 the Germans a Germans two Germans

英国人 the English an Englishman two Englishmen 瑞典人 the Swedish a Swede two Swedes

三. 可数名词可以由以下量词修饰

few, some, many, plenty of, a lot of, lots of, a group of, a large number of, large numbers of , a pair of , hundreds of 四. 有些名词只有复数形式

Clthos, trousers

专 项 训 练 2

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一. 将下列名词变为复数:

pen-------------- book------------student------------knife-----------bus---------, box---------, class-------, watch---------, sheep------------, ship-------------, fish---------, mouse------------, leaf---------, desk------------, child--------------, man------------, girl----------, woman----------------,foot---------, tooth------------, glass-----------, piece----------, Chinese------------,American--------------, baby-------------, boy------------, country-----------, Japanese-------------------, city-------------, month----------, match---------, fly-----------, tomato-----------, photo-----------, potato------------, radio----------, face-----------, life--------,orange-----------, hero----------. 二. 选择填空:

1. In his letter, Uncle Lee told us many ____ about his visit to the United States. A. news B. stories C. information D. truth

2. I spend large large numbers of _____ preparing for the final exams. A. energy B. time C. hours D. strength

3. Many tourists from different _____ come to visit Shanghai every year. A. country B. countrys C. countries .D countris 4. Miss Smith doesn’t have ______ housework to do today. A. much B. many C. a lot D. a piece 5. We finally got several ____ of his innocence.

A. proof B. proofs C. proves D. prooves

6. A group of boy students _____ basketball on the playground at the moment. A. play B. plays C. is playing D. are playing

7. My aunt bought _____ cotton stockings for me at the department store. A. a pair of B. a loaf of C. a piece of D. a group of

8. Wang Daming has cought some ______, and his family will have _____ for supper today. A. fish, fishes B. fishes, fish C. fishes, fishes D. fishing, fish 9. There are many ______ in this hospital.

A. woman doctor B. woman doctors C. women doctor D. women doctors 10. Last week I ate _____.

A. too much hamburger B. too many hamburger

C. too many hamburgers D. too much hamburgers.

第 三讲 不可数名词

一. 不可数名词没有单复数之分, 一般以单数对待,物质名词和抽象名词均为不可数名词。

二. 不可数名词的集体数量要借助于“单位词”。

abottle of water, a piece of paper, three cups of tea, two pieces of information 三. 不可数名词可以由以下一些词修饰。

little, a little, some, much, plenty of, a lot of, lots of, an amount of, huge amounts of

四. 物质名词在表示不同类别时, 可用复数。

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