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高中英语 必修5 Unit 1 Great scientists 精品导学案（含答案）
核心单词
1. characteristic n.特色；特性；典型
adj.特有的，表示特性的；典型的
Kindness is one of his characteristics. 和善是他的特性之一。
A characteristic of the camel is its ability to live for a long time without water. 骆驼的一个特点是不喝水也能活很长时间。
He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his was seen at its best when he worked with others. A. Characteristic B. character C. Appearance D. temper
解析:选B。句意为：他证明自己是个真正的绅士，和别人一起工作的时候，他的性格总表现出最好的一面。character作名词时，表示“性格；特点”，一般是不可数名词；characteristic是可数名词，常用复数形式，表示“总的特点”。 易混辨析
character/characteristic
character n.性格，品质（本身具有的）；角色，人物；字体，字符 characteristic n. 特点，特征（用以区别于其他事物的） 高手过招 单项填空 2. defeat
vt.击败；打败；使（计划、希望）落空 Our team defeated our opponent by 5:0. 我们队以五比零的比分战胜了对手。
He was defeated in his plan.他的计划失败了。 易混辨析
defeat/conquer/overcome 三个词都含有“战胜”、“击败”的意思。
defeat指“赢得胜利”，尤其指军事上的胜利，如：defeat the enemy(打败敌人)。
conquer指“征服;战胜”,尤其指获得对人、物或感情的控制，如：conquer nature（征服自然）。
overcome指“战胜；压倒；克服”，尤其指“感情”，如：overcome difficulties（克服困难）。
defeat/beat/win
defeat, beat都表示在战斗或竞赛中“战胜,打败(对手)”,后接竞争对手。如：beat the competitor/the country/the team ...打败对手/国家/团队……
win也表示“战胜,赢得”,但它的宾语通常是比赛、战争、奖品或表示尊重、崇拜之类意义的词。如：win a race/a battle/a war/a scholarship/a prize/a
medal/success/friendship/reward ...赢得比赛/战役/战争/奖学金/奖品/奖章/成功/友谊/奖赏…… 高手过招
选词填空（beat/defeat/conquer/win）
①By not working hard enough you your own purpose. ②Some countries may be but can never be . ③Who is the drum?
④He the first prize in the writing contest. 答案:①defeated ②defeated; conquered ③beating ④won 3. attend
v. 注意；留意；处理(与to连用)=do with； 出席；到场；照看；照料=take care=look after 常用结构：
attend school/college 上学/上大学 attend a lecture/meeting 听讲座/出席会议 attend a wedding/ceremony 出席婚礼/参加典礼
attendance n. 出席；出席的人数；伺候；照料 We’ll attend to the problem later. 稍后我们将关注这个问题。 Which doctor is attending you? 哪个医生为你看病? 高手过招
翻译句子 （原创）
①他们在我们不在时管理事务。
②他在这个领域很出名，今晚会有成千上万的敬仰者参加他的讲座。 答案：①They attended our affairs during our absence.
②He is famous in this field, and tens of thousands of fans will attend his lecture this evening.
4. expose
vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光，常与介词to连用，表示“使暴露于（日光、风雨等）；受到风险；使面临”。 常用结构：
expose sth./sb./oneself (to ...) 显露或暴露于……
be exposed to 暴露于…… Don’t expose it to the rain/wind.别让它被雨淋/风吹。
The soldiers in the open field are exposed to the enemy’s fire. 空地里的士兵暴露于敌人的火力之下。
The crime of the corrupt officials must be exposed without any reserve. 对贪官污吏的罪行一定要毫无保留地予以揭发。 高手过招
用expose的适当形式填空（原创）
①In summer, the sun can be very harmful to your skin. ②The soil was washed away by the flood, bare rock. 答案: ① being exposed to ② exposing 5. cure
vt.&n. 治愈，治疗；常用于“cure sb. of ...”结构中。
The doctor cured her of a bad cold.医生治好了她的重感冒。 It is possible to cure the sickness.治愈这种疾病是可能的。 易混辨析
cure/treat/heal/recover
cure意为“治疗；治愈”，多用于指药物治疗并治愈某种疾病或改正不良习气。 treat为日常用语，意为“治疗；医治”，指治疗病人的全过程或活动。
heal意为“治愈（伤口）；医治”，指治好外伤或烧伤后的部位，使伤口愈合，不用于指治疗感冒等疾病。
recover意为“痊愈,复原”，主要是指从病中痊愈了，常与from连用。 That pill cured my headache.那种药片治好了我的头疼。 That will cure him of his bad habits.那将改正他的坏习惯。 There are only two doctors to treat more than 50 patients. 只有两名医生来治疗50多个病人。
The wound on my arm has healed.我胳膊上的伤已痊愈了。 He’s now fully recovered from his bad cold. 他现在已完全从重感冒中康复了。 高手过招
完成句子 （原创）
①盘尼西林治好了他的肺炎。
Penicillin his pneumonia. ②事故后卡车司机的擦伤得到了治疗。
After the accident, the lorry driver for cuts and bruises. ③他手指上的伤口很快愈合了。
The cut on his finger quickly.
答案：①cured him of ②was treated ③healed 6. absorb
vt. 吸收；吸引；吸收（液体，气体，光，声等）；汲取，理解（知识等）；使全神贯注；吸引（注意等），后常接介词in/by；合并（公司等）；吞并；常接介词into；承受；经受。 联想拓展
absorbed adj. 精神集中的 absorbing adj. 十分吸引人的 absorb from sth. 从……中吸收
be absorbed in 专心于，全神贯注于 Cotton gloves absorb sweat. 棉手套吸汗。
So many good ideas! It’s too much for me to absorb all at once. 这么多好主意！我很难一下子完全吸收。
The old man was completely absorbed in the book. 老人全神贯注地读这本书。
The surrounding small towns have been absorbed into the city. 四周的小城镇已并入到这座城市中。 高手过招
完成句子 （原创）
①那个人因为看报纸太入神而撞到了墙上。 ，the man walked into a wall.
②他们聚精会神地看着电视里的表演，舍不得离开。
They were the show on television that they found it hard to pull away. 答案：①Deeply absorbed in the newspaper ②so deeply absorbed in watching 7. blame
vt.责备；谴责；归咎于
n.责怪；(过失、过错等)责任 常用结构：
blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而指责某人 blame sth. on sb. 因某事而指责某人 sb. be to blame for(doing) sth. 因(做)某事某人应受到谴责 The student blamed the teacher for his failure. 学生因失败而责怪老师。
The careless driver is to blame for the traffic accident happening yesterday. 那个粗心的司机该为昨天发生的交通事故负责。 Who is to blame for the failure? 谁该为这次的失败负责? 温馨提示
be to blame 应负责(无被动形式) 高手过招 (1)单项填空
We all feel it is Jack as well as his wife that for their son’s bad performance at school.
A. are to blame B. is to be blamed C. are to be blamed D. is to blame （2）翻译句子
①看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮用水了。 ②这件事谁也不能怨。 ③他指责你玩忽职守。
解析： （1）选D。句意为：我们觉得对于孩子在学校里的不好表现，除了杰克的妻子外，杰克也有责任。be to blame是习惯表达方式，要用主动形式表示被动含义。且主语为Jack，故选D项。
(2) ①It seemed that the water was to blame for cholera. ②Nobody is to blame for it. ③He blames you for neglect of duty. 8. link
vt. 连接；联系
n. 环；连接；联系；纽带 常用结构：
link ...to/with 将……和……连接/联系起来