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(1) spend time /money on sth. 在……上花费时间(金钱)。例:I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。

(2) spend time / money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事。例:They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。

(3)spend money for sth. 花钱买……。例:His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。

cost的主语是物或某种活动, 还可以表示“值”, 常见用法如下:

(1)sth. costs (sb.) +金钱,某物花了(某人)多少钱。例:A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。

(2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) +时间,某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间。例:Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。

注意:cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。

take后面常跟双宾语, 常见用法有以下几种:

(1) It takes sb. +时间+to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。例:It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。 (2)doing sth. takes sb. +时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。例:Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。

pay的基本用法是:

(1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买……。例:I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。

(2)pay for sth. 付……的钱。例:I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。

(3)pay for sb. 替某人付钱。例:Don’t worry! I'll pay for you. 别担心, 我会给你付钱的。

(4)pay sb. 付钱给某人。 例: They pay us every month.他们每月给我们报酬。 (5)pay money back 还钱。例:May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I'll pay it back next week. 你能借给我12块钱吗?下周还你。 (6)pay off one's money还清钱。 9. 12个月份的表达:January一月; February二月; March三月; April 四月; May 五月;June 六月;July七月;August 八月;September 九月;October 十月;November 十一月;December十二月

10. in + 季节/月份/年,如:in spring/summer, in January, in 2014, 当出现“日”的时候,需用on, 如:on March, 3rd

11. start to do sth/start doing sth 开始做某事

12. get、turn等可作为系动词,后加形容词,表示一种状态 13. visit relatives 探访亲戚

14. get red packets收红包 pocket money 零花钱 Lucky money压岁钱

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Unit 5

1. nervous adj. 紧张的→nervously adj. 紧张地

2. leave的过去式为left leave for 动身去… 3. be able to = can 能够 4. without doubt 毫无疑问

5. weak的比较级为weaker“更虚弱的”,最高级为weakest“最虚弱的”,反义词为strong

附:比较级与最高级变化规则: 1、规则变化:

(1) 单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾加er或est: 如: small ---smaller --- the smallest (2) 以不发音的e字母结尾的加r,或st: 如: late --- later --- the latest

(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为I加er或est: 如: easy --- easier --- the easiest

(4)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词双写最后一个辅音字母再加er或est: 如: big --- bigger --- the biggest 以er,ow结尾的双音节词加er 或est 如: slow --- slower --- the slowest

(5) 多音节词前加more或most, 副词最高级前省略the. 如: important --- more important --- the most important 2.不规则变化

good / well --- better --- the best 好

bad / badly / ill --- worse --- the worst 坏 many / much --- more --- the most 多 little --- less --- the least 少

old --- older / elder --- the oldest / the oldest 老, 旧 far --- farther / further --- the farthest / the furthest 远 6. breathe v. 呼吸→breath n. 呼吸

7. work n. 工作,为不可数名词;job n. 工作,为可数名词 8. machine n. 机器,为可数名词

9. return home = come back home = go back home 10. more than 多于;less than 少于 11. have to = must 必须

12. as…as…像……一样;not so/as…as和…不一样

13. such as = like = for example例如,其中like的用法和such as 是基本一样的 14. one of… …….中的一个 15. around = about 大约 16. with+名词→带有……

17. take photos = take pictures拍照 18. solve problems 解决问题

19. a large amount of 大量……,后加不可数名词

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Unit 6

1. Asia n.亚洲→Asian adj. 亚洲的

附:七大洲的英文表达:亚洲Asia 形容词Asian 欧洲Europe European

大洋州Australia Australian 南极洲Antarctica 非洲Africa African 北美洲North America 南美洲South America

2. traditional adj. 传统的→tradition n. 传统 3. go sightseeing 去观光

4. in the centre of…在…的中心 5. fountain为可数名词

6. across prep. 在….的对面→cross v. 穿过 n. 十字路口 7. light的过去分词为lighted或lit

8. in all directions = in every direction 四面八方 9. natural adj. 自然的→nature n. 自然

10. beauty n.美丽,美人(做“美人”的意思时,为可数名词)→beautiful adj. 美丽的→beautify v. 美化,如美化校园为beautify the campus 11. snack 为可数名词

12. outside prep. 在…的外面→inside prep. 在…的里面 13. dumpling 为可数名词 14. place of interest 名胜古迹

15. 表示方位的词:east东 west西south南 north北northeast东北 northwest西北southeast东南southwest西南;对应的形容词分别为:eastern 东部的 western 西部的 southern 南部的 north 南部的 northeastern 东北部的 northwestern 西北部的 southeastern 东南部的 southwestern 西南部的

16. if 从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时,如:if it is rainy, I will not go out tomorrow.

17. public area 公共区域 18. walk along 沿着……走

19. hate doing sth / to do sth讨厌做某事 20. get a bird’s-eye view of…鸟瞰

21. from all over the world 来自全世界 all over the world = around the world全世界 22. on the Internet 在网上

Unit 7

1. fair adj.展览会→Canton Fair广交会 fair adj.公平的→unfair adj. 不公平的

2. photography n.摄影→photograph v.拍照

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3. launch the rocket 发射火箭

4. solar power太阳能 wind power 风能 5. attend 及物动词,后可直接加名词 attend = take part in = join in = participate in 6. teach 的过去式为taught

7. launch 除了“发射”的意思,还可以是“发起(活动)、发动” 8. disappear adj. 消失→disappearance adj. 消失 appear adj. 出现→appearance n.出现

9. surprised adj. 感到惊讶的→surprising adj.令人惊讶的 10. another/the other/ others/ other/the others的区别: Other

·可作形容词或代词,做形容词时,意思是“别的,其他”,泛指“其他的(人或物)”。如:

Do you have any other question(s)? 你还有其他问题吗? Ask some other people. 问问别人吧!

Put it in your other hand. 把它放在你另一只手里。

The other

·指两个人或物中的一个时,只能用the other,不能用another,此时的other作代词。如:

He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a worker. 他有两个女儿,一个是护士,另一个是工人。

·The other后可加单数名词,也可加复数名词,此时的other作形容词。如: On the other side of the street,there is a tall tree. 在街道的另一边,有一棵大树。 Mary is much taller than the other girls. 玛丽比其他的女孩高得多。 He lives on the other side of the river. 他住在河的对岸。

Others

·是other的复数形式,泛指“另外几个”,“其余的”。在句中可作主语、宾语。如:

Some of us like singing and dancing, others go in for sports. 我们一些人喜欢唱歌和跳舞,其余的从事体育活动。

Give me some others, please. 请给我别的东西吧! There are no others. 没有别的了。

The others

·意思是“其他东西,其余的人”。特指某一范围内的“其他的(人或物)”。是the other的复数形式。如:

Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home. 两个男孩将去动物园,其余的留在家里。 the others=the other+复数名词

Another

既可作形容词,也可作代词,只能用于三个或更多的人或物,泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”,只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。如:

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