发布时间 : 星期六 文章上海市宝山区2018届高三上学期期末教学质量监测英语考试试题-讲解稿更新完毕开始阅读448f21e159fb770bf78a6529647d27284a7337d6
上海市宝山区2018届高三上学期期末教学质量监测英语考试试题-讲解稿
宝山区2018学年第一学期期末高三质量监测试卷
I. Listening Comprehension Section A
1. A. In two weeks. B. Within two weeks. C. Two weeks ago. D. For two weeks. 2. A. At a garage. B. In a parking lot. C. At a car shop. D. In a car showroom. 3. A. Sell the ice cream. B. Take a bite of the ice cream. C. Make a wish. D. Pass up the food. 4. A. $5.00. B. $8.00. C. $3.00. D. $2.5. 5. A. She's unwilling to do it. B. She is afraid of donating blood. C. Donating blood is none of her business. D. She's ready to donate blood. 6. A. Sick. B. Quite well. C. Excited. D. Confused. 7. A. She has only one coat so she can't choose. B. She has a coat but she doesn't want to wear it. C. She hopes that the man can lend her one. D. She doesn't wear a coat since she hasn't one. 8. A. She's wondering how many hands she has. B. She doesn't want to help the man. C. She can't handle this suitcase by hand. D. She would help the man in hand.
9. A. She can't prevent her family members from missing her. B. She can't help her family because she is not strong enough.
C. She misses her family because she doesn't do well in the new school. D. She misses her family because she doesn't get used to the school's life. 10. A. She was busy eating something delicious.
B. Johnson was too busy to talk to someone. C. She didn't notice who Johnson was talking to. D. Johnson was meeting the new guests then. Section B
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Waste from animal. B. Agricultural chemicals.
C. Industrial waste. D. Safe containers. 12. A. Undamaged metal cans. B. All the boxes of juice or milk.
C. Leaking cans. D. Waterproof containers. 13. A. You should clean up the cans only.
B. You should brush the cans and then put them in boiled water. C. You should place the cans in safe areas.
D. You should make the cans clean and boil them thoroughly.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. A laboratory assistant. B. A chemistry teacher.
C. A teacher of a laboratory. D. A professor in the hospital. 15. A. He can make up the class. B. He will be dropped from the class.
C. He will be reported immediately. D. He will attend other classes. 16. A. It must be fastened tightly together. B. It should be cut right away.
C. The students will be asked to leave the class. D. The students' parents will be called to school.
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上海市宝山区2018届高三上学期期末教学质量监测英语考试试题-讲解稿
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Purple. B. Black. C. Natural. D. Gray. 18. A. Because she is afraid to appear in a magazine.
B. Because she thinks dyeing hair will do harm to hair. C. Because she hopes to be different from others.
D. Because she is afraid to be punished by her parents. 19. A. Having it cut immediately. B. Letting it be.
C. Having it dyed again. D. Dyeing it themselves. 20. A. Dye her hair right away. B. Buy some cheap dye.
C. Keep her hair natural. D. Choose some special products.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Ten year-old Annemarie Johansen lives with her family in Copenhagen, Denmark. There are soldiers on the streets, and the country (21) ______ (occupy) by the Nazis. There isn't enough to eat, and the world is at war.处于交战状态 Then the Nazis decide to\relocate\population. 重新安置人口The Danes don't know (22) ______ their friends and neighbors are being taken away. They don't know where they are going, either. But they do know that it is wrong and dangerous and that they must help.
Number the Stars is a very powerful novel. During World War II, the Nazis (23) ______ (kill) millions of people in Europe. Many of those people were Jewish. But in Denmark, almost all of the Jewish population was saved. Number the Stars is a work of fiction一部小说作品, but it tells the true story of the Jewish (24) ______ (rescue) during the war. The moving plot is driven by justice, danger and excitement. But the book also deals with significant ideas that are much (25) ______ (big) than the story itself.
Annemarie must learn that evil doesn't just appear in fairy tales. It's a real thing that affects real people. She must also struggle with questions of loyalty and sacrifice忠诚和牺牲. Who would she die to protect? And is she brave enough (26) ______ (make) that sacrifice捐躯牺牲? Most importantly, Annemarie learns that (27) ______ (be) brave doesn't mean being fearless. It means doing the right thing despite the fact (28) ______ you are afraid. That's heavy stuff沉重的东西for a children's novel.
I have taught Number the Stars to many classes at many different levels. It has always been a popular choice. It uses simple language and sentences. It is easy to read and provides clear examples of literary techniques like foreshadowing (预示). But it is also interesting, and the characters are (29) ______ (engage) . The plot is full of tension. 角色引人入胜，情节紧张刺激。
Lois Lowry, the author, has written many award-winning novels for young people. Number the Stars is a remarkable example of the talent (30) ______ has made her so celebrated. 'sel?bre?t?d 使她如此出名 21. is occupied 26. to make Section B
22. why 27. being
23.killed 28. that
24. rescued 29. engaging
25. bigger 30. that/which
A. common B. voting C. efforts D. elected E. end F. protesting G. say H. exercised I. argued J. equal K. rights In most democracies民主today, people expect women to vote. Women are just as able to make decisions about their 31 leaders as men. 女性和男性一样，能够对自己选出的领导人做出决定。 But 200 years ago, most people didn't think so.
As late as the middle of the 19th century only men voted in most Western countries. A few countries or states let women vote in local elections. But women voting was far from 32 . 还远远没有普及At that time, people believed
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上海市宝山区2018届高三上学期期末教学质量监测英语考试试题-讲解稿
that women belonged in the home. That meant they should not get involved with public life.
But women in Europe, North America and New Zealand began 33 protesting this situation. 抗议这种情况 They believed that they should have a(n) 34 有发言权 in their government's leaders. In 1792 an English novelist named Mary Wollstonecraft 35 that women should be able to vote. In the United States, Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were important figures. They met while campaigning to put a(n) 36 to slavery. 他们在为结束奴隶制而进行的活动中相遇In the process, they decided that women also should have more 37 .
Yet despite the 38 of these women， neither Great Britain nor the United States was the first country to let women vote. That honor goes to New Zealand, which changed their law on September 19, 1893. This was because of women like Kate Shepherd. She led a group that presented petitions（请愿书） to their parliament three years in a row. 然而，尽管这些妇女作出了努力，但英国和美国都不是第一个允许妇女投票的国家，这一荣誉归于新西兰，新西兰于1893年9月19日修改了他们的法律。这是因为像凯特·谢泼德这样的女人。她领导的一个小组连续三年向议会提交请愿书。Shepherd is now honored on New Zealand's $10 bill.
New Zealand was followed by Australia in 1902 and Finland in 1906. By this time, some U.S. states and territories allowed women to vote. But the country as a whole didn't give women the right until after World War I.
In many countries, the right to hold political office came along with the right to vote. 同时拥有担任政治职务的权利与投票权。And women have 39 that right. 行使权利In many countries, women have even held their country's highest office. All of that is due to the efforts of the women who fought for a(n) 40 voice. 31.D 32. A 33. F 34. G 35. I 36. E 37. K 38. C 39. H 40. J
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
The search for new, clean energy sources has occupied the attention of scientists and politicians for years. One common 41 for green energy is the wind. A new twist on this old resource could cause the energy output of wind-power plants to increase greatly. 对这一古老资源的新改造可能会使风力发电厂的能源产量大幅增加。
Standard wind-power plants rely on strong support and 42 can only reach a height of 200 meters or so. Higher than that, winds tend to be stronger and steadier, but the challenge is 43 how to obtain the energy from those winds.
Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands and Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences in Germany have formed a kite-power research group. The group is working to develop kites with inflatable （可充气的）wings 44 to electrical generators (发电机) on the ground.
The research group's goal is to design a kite that can operate on its own for 24 hours. Research has begun, but many challenges remain, including making the generators more 45 and perfecting the automatic flight control and the structure of the kites. 研究已经开始，但仍有许多挑战，包括使发电机更有效率，完善自动飞行控制和风筝的结构。Nevertheless in June 2012, they demonstrated that their kites could operate 46 at an altitude of up to 700 meters.
Meanwhile, in Italy, researchers are working on a(n) 47 power generator that relies on kites when the generator called KiteGen, senses the wind blowing, kites are 48 from the ends of poles with high-resistance cables to control their height and angle. 与此同时，在意大利，研究人员正在研制一种类似的发电机组，这种发电机组依靠风筝发电。当一种叫做Kitegen的发电机感应到风时，风筝会从带有高电阻电缆的电线杆端部释放出来，以控制其高度和角度。These cables are able to move the kites if the system senses coming objects 49 planes, helicopters or even individual birds. The kites themselves are light, tough and able to reach fairly high altitudes. They loop（绕行）around in the wind, which sets the center of the generator in motion, 50 electric current. 如果系统感觉到前来的物体如飞机，直升机，甚至个别的鸟类等时，这些电缆能够使风筝移动，风筝本身很轻，很结实，能够达到相当高的高度。它们在风中绕圈子，风使发电机的中心运动，产生电流。
KiteGen has the 51 to be very cost-effective in the long run. After the original cost of designing and setting up
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上海市宝山区2018届高三上学期期末教学质量监测英语考试试题-讲解稿
the plant, little 52 investment will be necessary, apart from standard maintenance. The plant also requires 53 little space, which makes it ideal for cities and means that multiple plants can be set up to provide even more 54 . Kite power has the potential to greatly 55 on current wind-power strategies. In the future, it may be an efficient, cost-effective supplement to the other sources of energy we use, or even a replacement for some of them. 41. A. resolution B. proposal C. resource D. substitute 42. A. generally B. frequently C. continually D. regularly 43. A. carrying out B. figuring out C. breaking out D. picking out 44. A. chosen B. applied C. collected D. connected 45. A. efficient B. complete C. powerful D. positive 46. A. actively B. passively C. automatically D. artificially 47. A. strange B. similar C. different D. original 48. A. fastened B. revealed C. tailored D. released 49. A. except for B. instead of C. such as D. due to
50. A. producing B. inventing C. promoting D. developing 51. A. qualification B. potential C. trend D. intention 52. A. normal B. formal C. additional D. alternate 53. A. concretely B. abstractly C. thoroughly D. relatively 54. A. energy B. strength C. technology D. opportunity 55. A. focus B. extend C. improve D. transfer
41—55 CABDA CBDCA BCDAC
Section B
(A) Many people experience problems with their spine (脊椎) as they age. The tissue that protects the joints in the spine gradually breaks down. As a consequence, the bones in the spine begin to rub against each other. This further harms the tissue as well as the bones. The result is pain in the joints and, sometimes, in nerves near the spine.
This painful problem is actually a disease called osteoporosis. Some people are more at risk of osteoporosis because of genes that they inherited from their ancestors. Extremely heavy people are also more likely to suffer from this disease because their extra weight puts much pressure on their joints. Fortunately, there are steps that people can take to help prevent osteoporosis from developing in their spine.
The most important step is exercise. Stretches can help the muscles around the spine relax and allow bones to shift into better alignment (排列). Strength exercises with light weights or body weight exercises like pushups can also help by strengthening the muscles around the spine. However, people should not overdo these exercises, as repeated motions can strain the muscles around the spine. Trying to lift heavy weights with poor technique can have the same effect.
Another important factor is diet. It affects the health of the spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves. These include B vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids, all of which help keep nerves healthy. People can get more B vitamins and omega 3 fatty acids by taking supplements sold by stores. Another important factor is vitamin D, which is essential for strong bones. All of these vitamins and acids can be obtained from foods. Thus, people can help themselves by including them in their daily diets.
56. What does this article mainly explain?
A. Various aspects of a medical condition C. Drugs often used to solve physical issues 57. How does the writer begin this article?
A. By predicting improvement
B. The actions of viruses that cause illnesses
D. The location of organs in the human body B. By analyzing a series of data
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