发布时间 : 星期四 文章初中英语语法讲解更新完毕开始阅读484a1f0f52ea551810a68753
初中英语语法讲解
在中考单项选择试题中,除了时态,名词的考查频率也较高。一般考查以下几点: 一、 可数名词与不可数名词
在可数名词与不可数名词上一般出现这样几类,(1)分辨是哪一类名词,并根据结论做选择。(2)可数名词复数的不规则变化。(3)不可数名词的量化表达。所以,考生首先要能够明确哪些是可数名词,哪些是不可数名词。其次,还要知道可数名词的复数的变化规则。可数名词的变化规则一般是在单词后面加-s 或-es,如:
1desk---desks bed---beds piano---pianos
hat---hats bag---bags photo---photos 2bus---buses box---boxes watch---watches brush---brushes 3tomato---tomatoes potato---potatoes hero---heroes Negro---Negroes
4 leaf---leaves knife---knives 5baby---babies family---families 另外,还要记住一些特殊的名词的变化形式,如: Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen Russian---Russians American---Americans German --- Germans
child---children foot---feet man---men woman---women
tooth---teeth goose --- geese deer---deer sheep---sheep
还要掌握不可数名词的量化表达有: a piece of、a bag of、a bottle of、a cup of、a glass of
另外,大家应注意:单数集合名词作主语时谓语动词“数的”变化:单数集合名词如class, police, family, school, group, team等。尽管形式上是单数,意义上都是复数,因此,一般要与复数谓语动词连用,例如: Class Five have a foreign friend.
五班有一位外国朋友。(这里的五班指五班的同学的。)
His family are good to me. 他的家人对我很好。(很显然,这里的family指家庭成员。)当上述集合名词着重指“整体”时, 意义上则是单数,因此,要与单数谓语动词连用。例如,
Our school team often plays well in our city.
我们的校队经常在我们市踢得很好。(这里的team 指整个队,但意义上仍为单数,故谓语动词用plays.
初中英语语法讲解二、名词所有格
名词所有格有两种形式:一是加’s,一种是用of来表示。一般情况下,指某人的某物用’s表示,而指某物的什么用of 短语来表示。另外,要注意凡是以s结尾的名词或规则名词的复数,不能直接加’s,而应该加-’即可。例如,boys
’ clothes girls’ dresses。 不过,注意例外情况,例如, the boss’s handwriting,其中the boss’s 的-’s不可省略。因为在英语中,如果以-s 或-ss 结尾的名词不是复数复数形式,那么其名词所有格仍加-‘s。那么你会说“琼斯的小汽车”吗?对,Jones’s car。
下面我们来做一部分习题。 1. June 1st is ___ Day.
A. Child’s B. Childs’ C. Childrens’ D. Children’s
答案:D
2. I need ___ paper, Mum. I want to write ___ letter to my English teacher. A. any, some B. some, a C. a, some D. some,any 答案:B
3. There are two ___ and three ___ on the table.
A. knifes, forks B. knifes, fork C. knives, forkes D. knives, forks 答案:D
4. We have got a lot of___ today.
A. newspaper to read B. homework to do C. homeworks to do D. book to read 答案:B
5. We could see __ children and hear ___ noise in the park. A. many, many B. much, much C. many, much D. much, many 答案:C
6. Will you pass me ___?
A. a few pieces of chalk B. a few chalks C. a few of chalks D. some chalks 答案:A
7. ___ has been invited to the dancing party.
A. A friend of her B. A friend of hers C. Friends of hers D. Friends of her 答案:B
下面请大家自己练习一下。
1. September 10th is ___ Day.
A. the Teacher B. Teachers’ C. Teacher D. Teacher’s 答案:B
2. ---Can I help you, sir?
---I’d like to have 100___. I want the students to draw pictures on them. A. piece of paper B. pieces of paper C. papers D. paper 答案:B
3. ---Would you like ___ milk, please? ---No, thank you. I still have some.
A. some more B. an C. a little of D. all 答案:A
4. ___ the old woman is in!
A. What good health B. How a good health C. What a good health D. How good health 答案:A
① What + a(n) + 形容词 + 单数名词 + 主语 + 谓语! ② What + 形容词 + 复数名词 + 主语 + 谓语! ③ What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语! ④ How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语!
⑤ How + 形容词 + a(n) + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语! ⑥ How + 主语 + 谓语!
5. I’m going to help ___ with ___ English.
A. a friend of Nancy, hers B. a friend of Nancy’s, her C. a friend of Nancy’s, hers D. a friend of Nancy, her 答案:B
6. The two desks here are ___. You may use the desk over there. A. Mary and Jane B. Marys and Janes C. Mary and Jane’s D. Mary’s and Jane’s 答案:D
初中英语语法讲解
初中英语语法
--形容词讲解及练习
1. 有些表语形容词前不可用very,而要用much,very much等副词,如用much afraid,fast asleep。
2. alive也可用定语形容词,常后置。He is the oldest man alive。
3. 名词化的形容词用于指人时,应看作是复数,用于指物时,表示整体抽象概念,应看作是单数,谓语动词用单三:The old like a quiet place。The unusual is not always the best。
4. 名词化的形容词连在一起使用时可省略冠词:Old and young should hepl each other。
5. 当有两个以上的形容词用来修饰一名词时,其顺序如下:限定词(冠词,物主代词,指示代词,不定代词)→数词(序数词,基数词)→表性质、状态的描绘形容词(短语在前,长语在后)→表特征的形容词(大小、长短、形状、新旧、年龄、温度)→表颜色的形容词→表属性的形容词(包括国籍等专有名词)→表材料、质地的形容词→名词性定语(包括名词、动名词)+ 名词:the last four beautiful big new blue Spanish wooden citizen houses
6. good的反义词是bad,而well的反义词是ill。
7. elder和eldest是用来表示家族关系的长幼顺序,只作定语形容词。而older和oldest是用来表示年龄的比较,以及事物的新旧,既可作定语形容词,也可作表语形容词。
8. later和latest指时间的先后,但latter和last指顺序的先后。
9. farther和farthest主要反映“距离”或“时间”的比较,表示“较远的”“最远的”。而further和furthest主要指“程度”,表示“进一步的”和“最大限度的”。
10. A 两者比较,表示一方高于另一方:比较级+than
B 两者比较,表示同样的程度:as + 原级 +as
C 两者比较,表示一方不如另一方:not so(as)+原级+as
D 两者比较,表示一方程度浅一些:less + 原级 + than
E 用于三者或三者以上,表示其中一方最?:the + 最高级 + 比较范围
11. 某人或某物在与同类相比时,这个“某人或物”应排除在被比者之外,常需用到other,else。
12. 比较级前可用MANY,MUCH,FAR,A BIT, A LITTLE, A GREAT DEAL OF, A LOT等词表示程度或差别。
13. 同一人或物,比较其两种性质或状态,不管形容词是单音节或多音节,一律用more?than:He is more wise than diligent。
14. 特殊用法:
比较级+and+比较级 (越来越?) the +比较级,the+比较级 (越?,越?) all the+比较级 (格外?,越发?) none the+比较级 (毫不,一点也不) no more than=only(仅仅) not more than=at most When spring comes, it gets warmer and warmer. She is making greater and greater progress. The richer a country is, the better the people’s life will be. 国家越富,人民的生活就越好。 The teacher feels all the happier for his diligence. 老师因他的勤奋而感到格外高兴。 She looks none the better for her holiday. 她度假后看上去身体一点也没有好转。 His grandpa’s whole school education added up to no more than two years. 他的祖父所受的全部教育加起来不过才两年。 (最多,不多于) There are not more than thirty people in the hall.大厅里最多30人。 no more?than(和?一样不?) This book is no more attractive than that one.这本书和那本书一样不吸引人。 not more?than(不像?那样) This book is not more attractive than that one.这本书不像那本书那样吸引人。 no less than=as much as(多达) She has no less than eight watches.她有8块手表之多。 not less than=at least(至少) She has not less than eight watches.她至少有8块手表。 no less?than=as?as(和?一样) He is no less clever than you.他和你一样聪明。 不用比较级形容的比较:senior比?大,junior比?小,superior比?好,inferior比?差 I an inferior to him in mathematics.我的数学不如他。 She is three years senior to her brother.她比弟弟大3岁。 15. already,yet,still
already一般用于肯定名,也可用于预料能得到肯定回答的疑问句中,表示某事已发生;yet一般用于否定句或疑问句中位于句末,意为“还,已经”;still一般用于肯定句,也可用于疑问句,意为“仍然,还”。