发布时间 : 星期四 文章2019届上海市宝山区高三上学期期末考试（一模）英语试题（解析版）更新完毕开始阅读48b7e2ffa55177232f60ddccda38376bae1fe062
句意：然而，尽管有这些妇女的努力，英国和美国都不是第一个允许妇女投票的国家。根据上下文可知，女性为取得选举权作出了很多“努力”，故选C。 【19题详解】
句意：在许多国家，担任政治职务的权利与投票权同时出现。女性已经行使了这一权利。本空缺少谓语动词，且与后文rights搭配，意思为“行使权利”，故选H。 【20题详解】
句意：所有这一切都归功于为争取平等发言权而奋斗的妇女们的努力。争取选举权的本质是女性为争取平等的发言权，故选形容词equal，选J。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
The search for new, clean energy sources have occupied the attention of scientists and politicians for years. One common ___21___ for green energy is the wind. A new twist on this old resource could cause energy output of wind-power plants to increase greatly.
Standard wind power plants rely on strong support and ___22___ can only reach the height of 200 meters or so. Higher than that, winds tend to be stronger and steadier, but the challenge is ___23___ how to obtain the energy from those winds.
Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands and Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences in Germany have formed a kite-power research group. The group is working to develop kites with inflatable (可充气的) wings ___24___ to electrical generator (发电机) on the ground.
The research group's goal is to design a kite that can operate on its own for 24 hours. Research has begun, but many challenges remain, including making the generator more ___25___ and perfecting the automatic flight control and structure of the kites. Nevertheless, in June 2012, they demonstrated that their kites could operate ___26___ at an altitude of up to 700 meters.
Meanwhile, in Italy, researchers are working on a(n) ___27___ power generator that relies on kites when the generator called KiteGen, senses wind blowing, kites are ___28___ from the end of poles with high-resistance cables to control their height and angle. These cables are able to move the kites if the system senses coming object ___29___ planes, helicopters or even individual birds. The kites themselves are light, tough and able to reach fairly high altitude. The loop (绕行) around in the wind, which sets the center of the generator in emotion ___30___
electric current.
KiteGen has the ___31___ to be very cost-effective in the long run. After the original cost of designing and setting up the plant, little ___32___ investment will be necessary, apart from standard maintenance. The plant also requires ___33___ little space, which makes it ideal for cities and means that multiple plants can be set up to provide even more ___34___.
Kite power has the potential to greatly ___35___ on current wind power strategies. In the future, it may be an efficient cost efficient supplement to the other sources of energy use or even a replacement for some of them 21. A. resolution 22. A. generally 23. A. carrying out 24. A. chosen 25. A. efficient 26. A. actively 27. A. strange 28. A. fastened 29. A. except for 30. A. producing 31. A. qualification 32. A. normal 33. A. concretely 34. A. energy 35. A. focus
B. proposal B. frequently B. figuring out B. applied B. complete B. passively B. similar B. revealed B. instead of B. inventing B. potential B. formal B. abstractly B. strength B. extend
C. resource C. continually C. breaking out C. collected C. powerful C. automatically C. different C. tailored C. such as C. promoting C. trend C. additional C. thoroughly C. technology C. improve
D. substitute D. regularly D. picking out D. connected D. positive D. artificially D. original D. released D. due to D. developing D. intention D. alternate D. relatively D. opportunity D. transfer
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. A 31. B 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. C 【解析】 【分析】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了荷兰Delft University of Technology和德国Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences组成了一个风筝动力研究小组，同时，在意大利的研究人员也在进行相似的实验，针对风能这一古老资源的新改造可能会使风力发电厂的能源产量大幅增加。 【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. resolution解决；B. proposal提议；C. resource资源；能源；D. substitute替代品。根据上文清洁能源已经困恼科学家和政客们很多年，而风能是最常见的一种“能源”，故选C。 【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。A. generally通常；B. frequently频繁地；C. continually不断地；D. regularly定期地。句意：标准的风力发电厂依靠强大的支撑，通常只能达到200米左右的高度。故选A。 【23题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。A. carrying out实施；B. figuring out算出；弄清楚；C. breaking out爆发；D. picking out选出。句意：高于这个数值，风就会变得更强更稳定，但挑战在于弄清楚如何从这些风中获取能量。故选B。 【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. chosen选择；B. applied应用；C. collected收集；D. connected连接。句意：该小组正在研制一种风筝，这种风筝的充气翅膀与地面上的发电机相连。故选D。 【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。A. efficient有效率的；B. complete完全的；C. powerful强大的；D. positive积极的。句意：研究已经开始，但仍有许多挑战，包括使发电机更有效率和完善自动飞行控制和风筝的结构。故选A。 【26题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。A. actively活跃地；B. passively被动地；C. automatically自动地；D. artificially人工地。句意：然而，在2012年6月，他们证明了他们的风筝可以在700米的高空自动飞行。故选C。 【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。A. strange陌生的；B. similar相似的；C. different不同的；D. original原始的。由上文meanwhile可知两组实验“相似”，故选B。 【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. fastened固定；B. revealed揭露；C. tailored裁制；D. released释放。由下文可知一感知到风的吹拂，高阻电缆就会将风筝从杆子的一端释放出来，故选D。 【29题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。A. except for除了；B. instead of而不是；C. such as例如；D. due to因为。根据下文planes, helicopters or even individual birds可知此处表示列举，故选C。 【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. producing产生；B. inventing发明；C. promoting促进；D. developing发展。句意：在风的作用下，使发电机的中心产生电流的回路。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. qualification资格；B. potential潜能；C. trend趋势；D. intention意图。根据后文可知KiteGen在长远看来有可能是非常划算的潜能。故选B。 【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。A. normal正常的；B. formal正式的；C. additional附加的；D. alternate交替的。句意：除了标准的维护外，在设计和建造工厂的原始成本之后，几乎不需要额外的投资。故选C。 【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。A. concretely具体地；B. abstractly抽象地；C. thoroughly彻底地；D. relatively相对地。这种植物相对地也只需要很少的空间，故选D。 【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. energy能量；B. strength力量；C. technology技术；D. opportunity机会。这种植物会提供更多的能量，故选A。 【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. focus集中；B. extend延伸；C. improve改善；D. transfer转换。句意：风筝能源有潜力大大改善目前的风力发电策略。故选C。 【点睛】calculate、figure out、work out的区别 calculate侧重于【精确到数字的计算】；
figure更倾向于【估算,估计】,而且多不是数字方面的事情；
work out 一般是指解决问题，制定计划等。如work out a program （制定计划）。 第三小题中需要弄清楚的是如何从风中获取能量，不属于数字方面的事情，故选B。 Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Many people experience problems with their spine(脊椎) as they age. The tissue that protects the joints in the spine gradually breaks down. As a consequence, the bones, in the spine begin to rub against each other. This further harms that issue as well as the bones. The result is pain in the joints and, sometimes, in nerves near the spine
This painful problem is actually a disease called osteoporosis. Some people are more at risk of osteoporosis because of genes that they inherited from their ancestors. Extremely heavy people