发布时间 : 星期四 文章2019届上海市宝山区高三上学期期末考试（一模）英语试题（解析版）更新完毕开始阅读48b7e2ffa55177232f60ddccda38376bae1fe062
are also more likely to suffer from this disease because their extra weight puts much pressure on their joints. Fortunately, there are steps that people can take to help prevent osteoporosis from developing in their spine.
The most important step is exercise. Stretches can help the muscles around the spine relax and allow bones to shift into better alignment(排列), Strength exercises with light weights or bodyweight exercises like pushups can also help by strengthening the muscles around the spine. However, people should not overdo these exercises as repeated motions can strain the muscles around the spine. Trying to lift heavy weights with poor technique can have the same effect.
Another important factor is diet. It affects the health of spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves. These include B vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids, all of which helps keep nerves healthy. People can get more B vitamin and omega 3 fatty acids by taking supplements sold by stores. Another important factor is vitamin D. which is essential for strong bones. All of these vitamins and acids can be obtained from food. Thus people can help themselves by including them in their daily diets 36. What does this article mainly explain? A. Various aspects of a medical condition. B. The actions of viruses that cause illnesses. C. Drugs often used to solve the physical issue. D. The location of organs in the human body. 37. How does the writer begin this article? A. By predicting improvement. B. By analyzing a series of data. C. By introducing minor injuries. D. By describing a gradual process 38. What can readers find in this article? A. A warning about working out too hard. B. A method for improving sleep quality. C. A slogan used to promote health classes. D. A big criticism often aimed at doctors. 39. What does the article imply about supplement? A. They are mainly for youngsters.
B. They are commercial products. C. They are now being researched. D. They are seldom truly effective 【答案】36. A 37. D 38. A 39. B 【解析】
这是一篇说明文。讲述了“骨质疏松症”形成过程和导致的原因，以及如何预防的建议。 【36题详解】
主旨大意题。第一段最后一句“The result is pain in the joints and, sometimes, in nerves near the spine”可知第一段主要讲这种疾病的演化过程；第二段第一句“This painful problem is actually a disease called osteoporosis.”给出这种疾病的正式命名，并且说明了两种可能致病的原因；第二段最后一句“there are steps that people can take to help prevent osteoporosis from developing in their spine.”可知第三、四段主要讲两种预防这种疾病的建议。故文章分别得病过程、致病原因以及如何预防骨质疏松的建议这几个方面来解释这种疾病，故文章主要从不同方面解释一种医学疾病，故选A。 【37题详解】
篇章结构题。根据第一段第二句“The tissue that protects the joints in the spine gradually breaks down. As a consequence, the bones, in the spine begin to rub against each other. This further harms that issue as well as the bones.”以及后文可知保护脊柱关节的组织逐渐分解。结果，脊柱里的骨头开始互相摩擦。这进一步伤害了骨骼和这个问题。可知作者通过描述一个循序渐进的过程来开始这一篇文章， 故选D。 【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第一、二句“However, people should not overdo these exercises as repeated motions can strain the muscles around the spine. Trying to lift heavy weights with poor technique can have the same effect.”可知人们不应该过度运动，因为重复的运动会使脊柱周围的肌肉紧张。尝试用拙劣的技巧举重也会有同样的效果。即读者可以在文中找到关于过度锻炼的警告，故选A。 【39题详解】
判断推理题。根据最后一段第四句“People can get more B vitamin and omega 3 fatty acids by taking supplements sold by stores.”可知人们可以通过服用商店出售的补品获得更多的B族维生素和- 3脂肪酸。补品在商店售出即可知补品是商品，故选B。
(B)
In late March of 2018.a tear in the earth about 15 meters wide and 20 meters deep suddenly appeared in Kenya, it cut across roads and even split houses in two. This crack appeared out of
nowhere after heavy rains and an increase in seismic activity. Some scientists believe that it is further proof that Africa is slowly splitting apart.
Once a very long time ago, Africa and south America were one landmass before they separated. Similarly, one day in the very distant future, a large part of East Africa will split off from the rest of the continent. This will create a new landmarks and a new ocean. The breakup is the result of plate tectonics, the gradual motion of different parts of the Earth's crust.
When plates of the Earth separate and tear away from each other. It is called rifting. The result is rift valley. Scientists don't understand the exact mechanism behind rifting. But the result is very easy to observe in theEast African Rift System(EARS), That's why studying this part of the world is so important.
The East African Rift system begins in the north in Ethiopia, where three plates are moving away from each other. Two of them are continental plates, the African and Arabian plates. They are tectonic plates that have a large landmass above water. The third is the Somali plate, considered a minor plate, which is steadily moving away from the other two. But don't plan on visiting the new ocean anytime soon. The plates are moving at a rate of about 6 millimeters a year. At the speed millions of years will pass before a new ocean is formed.
EARS is not all bad news for Kenya. A rift valley is composed of an area where there is increased volcanic activity and thinned planetary crust. This makes it easier to take advantage of the power of steam. For Kenya, this might be an answer to the country's electrical problems. The drought conditions that frequently occur there make it difficult to produce energy. But the geothermal(地热的) power plants going online in 2019 will allow them to produce clean energy with very little water.
40. What can be concluded from the passage? A. A war will certainty breakout in Africa. B. A disaster will suddenly strike Africa. C. A geological structure will change in Africa. D. A new country will come into being in Africa
41. Which of the following plates might be surrounded by water according to the passage A. East Africa.
B. Somali plate.
C. Arabian plate.
D. Africa plate.
42. What problem may be solved in Kenya thanks to the cracking? A. Poverty.
B. Economy. C. Drought. D. Energy.
【答案】40. C 41. B 42. D 【解析】 【分析】
这是一篇说明文。2018年3月底。肯尼亚突然出现了一个约15米宽、20米深的地洞，它横穿道路，甚至将房屋一分为二。暴雨和地震活动增加后，这条裂缝不知从何而来。一些科学家认为，这进一步证明非洲正在慢慢分裂。且分析了这一分裂对非洲带来的影响。 【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Some scientists believe that it is further proof that Africa is slowly splitting apart.”可知一些科学家认为，这进一步证明非洲正在慢慢分裂。即非洲的地理结构将会变化，故选C。 【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“The third is the Somali plate, considered a minor plate, which is steadily moving away from the other two. But don't plan on visiting the new ocean anytime soon.”可知Somali plate不久就会看到新的海洋，即可知Somali板块可能被水包围，故选C。 【42题详解】
细节理解题。最后一段第三句“This makes it easier to take advantage of the power of steam. For Kenya, this might be an answer to the country's electrical problems. The drought conditions that frequently occur there make it difficult to produce energy.”可知这次断裂使Kenya更容易利用蒸汽的力量。对肯尼亚来说，这可能是解决该国电力问题的一个办法。那里经常发生干旱，使生产能源变得困难。故因为这次分裂，Kenya的能源问题可能会得到解决，故选D。 【点睛】细节理解题
这类题型主要有三种形式：问句式，不完整的陈述句和排除法。 1．问句式
A．其发问形式主要有以下几种： How did something happen?
Which of the following people should (not) do it? Which of the following did somebody have to deal with ? Where should somebody do something? B．解题技巧
在解这类题时，可采用“对号入座”的办法，即带着问题找句子，先看文章后面的问题(这常常被认为是非常有效的方法)，注意记忆关键的词语，如。人物、时间、事件等，确定每道题目的发问中心，也，