发布时间 : 星期日 文章【人教版】2021年高中英语选修9课文逐句翻译(Word版,15页)更新完毕开始阅读48e027c26bdc5022aaea998fcc22bcd126ff42dd
for non-stop swimming - 504.5 kilometres in the Danube River in 84 hours and 10 minutes. 随后在2001年，它打破了全程无间断游泳的吉尼斯世界纪录——在多瑙河中以84小时10分的时间游了504.5公里。 Martin won his third entry in the Guinness Book of World Records in 2002 when he beat his own record for long distance swimming by swimming the length of the Mississippi River in North America in 68 days, a total of 3,797 kilometres. 马丁于2002年第三次进入《吉尼斯世界纪录大全》，这次他打破了自己远距离游泳的世界纪录——在68天内总共游完北美洲密西西比河的3797公里。Then in 2003 he became the first man to have swum the whole 1,929 kilometres of the difficult Parana River in South America. 然后在2003年他成为游完难度巨大，全程1929公里的南美洲巴拉那河的第一人。 In 2004, Strel again broke his own Guinness record by swimming the length of the dangerous Changjiang River (4,600 km), the third longest river in the world. 到2004年，斯特雷再次破了他自己的吉尼斯纪录，游了世界上第三大河长江的危险河段4600公里。
3.选修九Unit2 Sailing the oceans海洋航行
We may well wonder how seamen explored the oceans before latitude and longitude made it possible to plot a ship's position on a map. 我们很可能感到奇怪，在经纬度被用来在地图上标出船只位置之前，海员是如何对海洋进行探索的。 The voyages of travellers before the 17th century show that they were not at the mercy of the sea even though they did not have modern navigational aids. 17世纪以前的航海纪录显示，即使没有现代航海技术的帮助，他们也没有任凭海洋摆布。 So how did they navigate so well? Read these pages from an encyclopedia. 那么，他们是怎样航行得如此之好的呢？读读百科全书这几页上的记载吧。 Page 1: 第一页：
Using nature to help Keeping alongside the coastline借助大自然使船只沿海岸线行驶
This seems to have been the first and most useful form of exploration which carried the minimum amount of risk. 这似乎已是最早的、最有用的探险方式，所冒的风险也最小。 Using celestial bodies利用天体 ●North Star北极星
At the North Pole the North Star is at its highest position in the sky, but at the equator it is along the horizon. 在北极，北极星是在天上的最高位置；而在赤道上，北极星却在地平线上。So accomplished navigators were able to use it to plot their
positions. 因此，熟练的航海探险家就能够利用北极星来确定他们自己的位置。 ●Sun太阳
On a clear day especially during the summer the sailors could use the sun overhead at midday to navigate by. They can use the height of the sun to work out their latitude. 在晴朗的日子里，特别是夏天，船员可以利用正午在头顶上的太阳来导航，他们可以用太阳的高度来计算出他们的纬度。
●Clouds云层
Sea captains observed the clouds over islands. There is a special cloud formation which indicates there is land close by. 海上的船长观测岛上的云层。有一种特殊的云彩的形状表明附近有陆地。 Using wildlife利用野生动植物 ●Seaweed海藻
Sailors often saw seaweed in the sea and could tell by the colour and smell how long it had been them. 海员常常看到海里的海藻，并能根据它的颜色和气味判断这种海藻在那儿有多久了。If it was fresh and smelled strongly, then the ship was close to land. 如果它颜色新鲜而且气味浓烈，那说明船只就离陆地很近了。 ●Birds鸟
Sea birds could be used to show the way to land when it was nowhere to be seen. 在看不见陆地的时候，可以用海鸟来指明通往陆地的去路。 In the evening nesting birds return to land and their nests. 在夜晚的时候，筑巢而居的鸟就要返回陆地鸟窝。 So seamen could follow the birds to land even if they were offshore and in the open sea. 因此，即使在远离海岸的大洋上，海员们也可以跟随这些鸟到达陆地。 Using the weather利用天气 ●Fog雾
Fog gathers at sea as well as over streams or rivers. 正如雾气汇聚在溪流或江河上一样，雾气也能汇聚在海洋上。Seamen used it to help identify the position of a stream or river when they were close to land. 当靠近陆地时，海员们可以用雾气来帮助确定溪流或江河的位置。 ●Winds风
Wise seamen used the winds to direct their sailing. They could accelerate the speed, but they could also be dangerous聪明的海员常常利用风向来导航。风向可以使船只加快速度，也可以造成危险。. So the Vikings would observe the winds before and during their outward or return journeys. 于是，北欧的海盗们在出海或返航时都要观察风向。 Using the sea利用大海
Certain tides and currents could be used by skillful sailors to carry ships to their destination. 技术娴熟的海员可以利用大海的某些潮汐或浪潮把船送往他们的目的地。 These skills helped sailors explore the seas and discover new lands.这些技术帮助海员探测大海和发现新大陆。 They increased their ability to navigate new seas when they used instruments.当他们使用这些手段的时候就增加了在新的海域导航的能力。 Page 2: 第二页
Using navigational instruments to help利用航海工具 Finding longitude找出经度
There was no secure method of measuring longitude until the 17th century when the British solved this theoretical
problem. 直到17世纪英国人解决了这个理论问题后,人们才有了测量经度的可靠方法。 Nobody knew that the earth moved westwards 15 degrees every hour, but sailors did know an approximate method of calculating longitude using speed and time. 以前没有人知道地球每小时向东转动约15度，然而海员们确实知道用速度和时间来计算经度的近似标准的方法。An early method of measuring speed involved throwing a knotted rope tied to a log over the side of the ship. 早期测量速度的方法是沿着船边拉一根打结的绳子，把这根绳子系在一根圆木上，然后把它抛入海里。The rope was tied to a log which was then thrown into the sea. As the ship advanced through the water the knots were counted as they passed through a seaman's hands. The number of knots that were counted during a fixed period of time gave the speed of the ship in nautical miles per hour. 当船只在水中前进时，这些绳结从海员的手中通过,这时海员就记下绳结的数目。在一定时间内计算出有多少个结, 就可以算出船只每小时航行多少海里的速度。
Later, when seamen began to use the compass in the 12th century they could calculate longitude using complicated mathematical tables. The compass has a special magnetic pointer which always indicates the North Pole, so it is used to help find the direction that the ship needs to go. In this way the ship could set a straight course even in the middle of the ocean. 后来,当12世纪海员们开始使用指南针的时候,他们就可以用复杂的数学表来计算出经度了。指南针有一个特殊的磁针,始终指着北极。因此人们用它来帮助找出船只所要去的方向。这样,即使在大海中船只也可以直线航行。 Finding latitude找出纬度 ●The Bearing Circle方位圆
It was the first instrument to measure the sun's position. A seaman would measure the sun's shadow and compare it with the height of the sun at midday. Then he could tell if he was sailing on his correct rather than a random course. 这是最早用来测量太阳位置的工具。海员可以测量太阳的影子，并把它同太阳在正午时的高度作比较，这样就可以知道自己是在正确的航道上或是在随意行驶。 ●The Astrolabe星盘
The astrolabe, quadrant and sextant are all connected. 星盘、象限仪和六分仪相互都有联系。They are developments of one another. 它们是在彼此的基础上发展而成的。 The earliest, the astrolabe, was a special all-in-one tool for telling the position of the ship in relation to the sun and various stars which covered the whole sky. 最早的是星盘，它是一种特殊的集多功能于一体的工具，它可以用来表明船只同太阳和布满天空的各种星星之间的相关位置。 This gave the seamen the local time and allowed them to find their latitude at sea. 这样，海员们就可得知当地的时间，以及他们在海上的纬度。However, it was awkward to use as one of the points of reference was the moving ship itself. 但是，它不容易使用，因为其参照点之一就是行驶中的船只本身。 ●The Quadrant象限仪
This was a more precise and simplified version of the astrolabe. 这是一种比较精确而且比较简单的星盘。It
measured how high stars were above the horizon using a quarter circle rather than the full circle of the astrolabe. 它利用星盘的1/4圆周而不是整个圆来测量星星在在水平线上的高度。 It was easier to handle because it was more portable. 它比较容易操作，因为它比较轻便。 Its shortcoming was that it still used the moving ship as one of the fixed points of reference. 缺点仍就是使用移动的船只作为一个固定的参照点。As the ship rose and plunged in the waves, it was extremely difficult to be accurate with any reading. 因为船只在海浪中起伏不定，所以很难测出精确的读数。 ●The sextant六分仪
The sextant was the updated version of the astrolabe and quadrant which reduced the tendency to make mistakes. 六分仪是星盘和象限仪的改进版，它减少了出差错的可能性。 It proved to be the most accurate and reliable of these early navigational instruments. 在这些早期的航海仪器中，它被证明是最精确和最为可靠的一种， It works by measuring the angle between two fixed objects outside the ship using two mirrors. 它的工作方式是用两块镜子来测量船外两个固状物体之间的角度，This made the calculations more precise and easier to do.这就使得计数更加精确，而且更加容易操作。
4.选修九Unit2 THE GREATEST NAVIGATIONAL JOURNEY:A LESSON IN SURVIVAL最伟大的航海旅程——幸存的经验教训
I am proud to have sailed with Captain Bligh on his journey of over 40 days through about 4,000miles in an open boat across the Pacific Ocean in 1789. 1789年，我有幸与布莱船长乘坐一条敞篷船航行了40余天，横穿太平洋，行程约4000英里。 Our outward voyage in the \to Tahiti had been filled with the kind of incidents that I thought would be my stories when I returned home. 我们乘坐“邦蒂号”出发到塔希提岛这段航程中充满了许多事件。我以为回国后可以讲这些故事， But how wrong I was! 但是我完全错了！ On our departure from Tahiti, some of the crew took over the ship. 在我们离开塔西提后，有部分船员接管了这艘船。They deposited the captain into a small boat to let him find his own way home. 他们把船长放进一艘小船里，让他自己想办法回家。 But who else was to go with him? 可是还有别的什么人跟他一起走吗？Those of us on board the \small, crowded open boat with very little food and water? 在“邦蒂号”上的我们有点儿进退两难：是冒着生命危险，挤坐在又小又拥挤的船上，只有少量的食物和水更好呢？Or should one stay on the \crew and face certain death from the British Navy if caught? 还是与船上的人一起呆在“邦蒂号”上，面对被英国海军捉获处死的危险？ The drawback of staying on the ship seemed to grow as I thought about how wrong it was to treat Captain Bligh in this way. So I joined him in the small boat. 想到这样对待布莱船长是多么错误的时候，留在船上的不利因素似乎增多了，因此我随船长上了小船。 As dusk fell, we seemed to face an uncertain future. 随着黄昏降临，我们似乎面对着一个不可预测的未来。We had no charts and the only instruments the