发布时间 : 星期四 文章上海市上海中学东校2017届高三12月月考英语试题（易错题分析） Word版含答案更新完毕开始阅读4980996403768e9951e79b89680203d8ce2f6af4
2016年上海中学东校高三12月月考卷
语法填空
For years and years people in USA (21) ________(say)that the railways are dead. “We can do without railways.” People say…as if motorcars and planes have made the railways unnecessary. We all keep(22) ______(hear) that trains are slow, that they lose money, and that they’re dying .But this is far from the truth: in these days of expensive oil, the railways have become highly competitive with motorcars and planes. If you are intending(23) ________(carry) people or goods from place to place, they are(24) _________(cheap)than planes. And they have much in common with planes. A plane goes in a straight line and (25)_________ does a railway. What is more, it takes you from the heart of a city into the heart of another. It doesn’t leave you up(26)____ a plane does, miles and miles from the city center. It doesn’t hold you up as a car does, in endless traffic jams, and a single train carry goods(27) _______no plane or a motorcar could ever do.
Far from being dead, the railways are very much alive. Modern railway lines give you a smooth, less(28)_______(trouble) journey. Where else(29) ______you eat well, sleep in comfort, feel safe and enjoy the scene while you are traveling at speed at the same time? And we are only at the beginning, for we have just entered the age of super-fast trains, trains traveling(30) _______150 miles an hour and more. Soon we will be wondering why we spent so much on motorcars we can’t use because we have not enough money to buy the oil and planes we can’t fly for the same reason. Have been saying hearing to carry cheaper so as which troubled can at 易错题分析：
21. 从标志词For years and years可以判断出句子的时态为现在完成进行时； 25.从句子结构判断出为倒装句表“。。也是”，所以用so； 26．从语义判断出句意为“正如飞机一样”，所以用as; 十一选十
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A. especially B. lean C. normally D. scanned E. age F. comparable
G. striking H. shrunk I. decline J. impact K. progression
Being overweight in middle-age makes the brain (31)________by 10 years, research by the University of Cambridge has found.
The study, which(32) ________473 brains, found changes in the brain structure of overweight people which are(33)________ seen in those far older.
The volume of white matter - the tissue that connects areas of the brain and allows information to be communicated between regions - (34)__________far more in those with a Body Mass Index above 25. Shrinkage of parts of the brain is associated with a higher risk of cognitive (35)_________and dementia.
The Cambridge Study found no differences in cognitive skills when participants underwent IQ tests. But the men and women will be scanned as they get older, to check for changes which indicate mental decline.
Human brains naturally shrink with age, but scientists are increasingly recognising that obesity - already linked to conditions such as diabetes, cancer and heart disease - may also affect the onset and(36) ________of brain ageing.
In the study of people aged between 20 and 87, researchers looked at the(37) ________of obesity on brain structure across the adult lifespan.
Researchers divided the groups into two categories: (38)_________and overweight, depending on whether their BMI was above or below 25. They found(39) ________differences in the volume of white matter. Overweight individuals had a widespread reduction in white matter compared with lean people.
The team then calculated how white matter volume related to age across the two groups. They discovered that an overweight person at 50 had a(40) _________white matter volume to a lean person aged 60.
Researchers only observed these differences from middle-age onwards, suggesting that brains may be particularly vulnerable during this period of ageing. E D C H I K J B G F
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易错题分析：
32. 根据标志词brainsbrain structure词性和句子意思可以判断出是扫描大脑，所以用 scanned 33. 根据标志词Shrinkage of parts的提示，可以判断出来这空填shrunk；
35. 此处易错主要是学生通常把decline看成动词，忽略它的名词的性质，所以容易错； 40. 此处学生可能容易判断错词性，把它当成缺乏副词，所以容易写错，根据句子意思，这里是“50多的人比起60多岁的人，白质相当多”可以判断出来这空填comparable 完型
Language is hard. In fact, it’s infinitely harder and more complicated than math. And yet, nearly every small child can learn and master language.
Why is math so overwhelming for so many students? And how high is the price we pay from having so many math- (41) _______ or even math-illiterate people in our society? Too high, especially as the ability to grasp data and pursue advanced work that involves math is becoming increasingly(42) _________ for both citizens and job applicants.
But how many of us feel incapable, rather than poorly taught, when we are confronted with the rigors of math? How many children who struggled to grasp math concepts, who lacked the necessary tool kit, were led to feel stupid, even demeaned?
Compare it to spoken or written language. When you make a mistake, a teacher corrects the part that is wrong. And then you(43) _______. With math, if you don’t have the correct result, it is typically treated as wrong. And, as mistake after mistake(44) __________, too many students simply give up: I can’t do math.
But math is not about intelligence. It’s a language that too many people never learn, often because the education process(45)________ the number of ways that a given person can arrive at a given solution.
That’s not a failure of children to learn. That’s a failure of (46)________. It’s a failure of the school. We should not blame the student. (These are children, after all.)
Part of the challenge is to identify the gaps in knowledge, to (47)________ that the challenge is not that a student simply doesn’t understand algebra or trigonometry or whatever. There may be a particular basic concept that stands(48)________of going forward in math, as well as other fields such as social science or engineering.
Overcoming this block requires moving beyond broad industrialized education and to,
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(49)_________ learning that allows students to find their own way in. Show me a thousand students and I’ll show you a thousand (50)_______ pathways that they might take to achieve math success. With new digital technologies and a massive amount of data collection and analytics, we have the ability to help students identify the essential concepts they don’t understand. We have data on all the students that solved a particular math problem and those that failed to solve it. We also have data on the problems they were able to solve prior to that.
So as a student recognizes that they are(51)______ with, say, negative number concepts, they can go back and master the material—to fill in the gaps that allows them to go forward. And when they hit another tough spot? They can jump to the problems that allow them to master that concept. The hope is that as they progress, their interest and enthusiasm(52)________.
We are pursuing this approach at the university level. We also are seeking to incorporate this approach at the high school, middle school and elementary levels. This will make it possible for a growing number of students to pursue degrees and careers that they never thought.
In the years ahead, that mindset, borne out of the failure of math instruction, should(53)_________. If we can succeed at breaking down the (54)________ that there’s something wrong with a 3rd grader who cannot learn math—rather than something wrong with the teaching process—then we can look forward to new generations of math-literate citizens. Whatever career they choose, they will be more confident and more capable to understand and contribute to an increasingly complex, (55)_______ driven world.
学语言真的很难。老实讲，它比学数学要复杂得多，也困难得多。不过，几乎所有的小孩子都能够学习并且熟练掌握一门语言。
那到底为什么数学会成为许多学生难以逾越的鸿沟呢？因为社会上这些“数学恐惧症患者”，甚至是“数学盲”的存在，我们又得付出多大的代价呢？不用说，这代价简直太大了，尤其是在当今社会，获取数据和从事高难度工作越来越成为普通人和求职者的必备能力。
问题一开始出在数学的抽象教学上。这就让我们错失大量数学知识，而这些知识是我们本身就具有的。我们知道如何去解决未知的东西，那么这就是代数。我们也知道用三维空间去思考——这就是几何学和三角学。这门数学语言其实就是我们思维方式的解析式。
然而碰到数学难题的时候，我们当中有多少人只会觉得是自己无能，而不会归因于教育问题？又有多少孩子绞尽脑汁地去记忆数学概念，却因为缺少必要的学习工具，而觉得自己愚蠢之
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