初中英语总复习词性与句子成分成分 联系客服

发布时间 : 星期一 文章初中英语总复习词性与句子成分成分更新完毕开始阅读4aad89e5844769eae109ed6d

英语词性的分类

一、词性的分类

词类 名词 代词 数词 形容词 副词 动词 冠词 介词 连词 感叹词

英语名称

例词

party政党

Noun(缩写为n.) 表示人或事物的名称

China中国 He他

Pronoun (pron.) 用来代替名词、形容词或数词等

that那 one一

Numeral (num.) 表示数量或顺序

first第一

用来修饰名词 safe安全

Adjective(adj.)

表示人或事物的特性、性质 great伟大 用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,quickly 迅速地

Adverb (adv.)

表示动作或形状的特性 here这里

eat吃

Verb (v.) 表示人或事物的动作或状态

have有

用在名词前

Article (art.) an,a,the

帮助说明名词所指的人或事物 用在名词、代词等前面 under在??下

Preposition (prep.)

说明句子中词与词之间的关系 in在??里

and和

Conjunction (conj.) 用来连接词、短语或句子

but但是 Hello喂

Interjection (interj.) 表示说话时的感情或口气

Emm呃,嘿

作用

句子结构成分分析

英语的句子成分主要有以下几种:即主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语和同位语。(可以熟记为:主谓宾表,定状补同)。具体成分及作用如下。 成分 主语

作用

例句

主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首,

We often speak English in class. 通常由名词性的词来充当。

谓语由动词充当,说明主语所做的动作或具有

We often speak English in class. 的特征和状态。

宾语由名词性的词充当,表示动作的对象或承

We often speak English in class. 受者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。

谓语

宾语

表语多是形容词,用以说明主语的身份、特征

表语 和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get,

look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。 定语

We are young. 定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、

The tall boy under the tree is John. 短语或句子,汉语中常用“??的”表示。

He writes carefully. He walks slowly. We often speak English in class. 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子, 说明动作

状语

或状态特征的句子成分,叫作状语。

补语

宾语补足语和宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。换His father named him Dongming. He was elected monitor. 句话说,在意思上,宾语相当于宾补的主语。 同位语是在名词或代词之后的并列名词或代

词,对前者加以说明,近乎于后置定语。

同位语

We students should study hard. 而英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型列式如下: 一: 二: 三: 四: 五:

John Smith died. John Smith is a soldier.

John Smith killed three enemy soldiers. John’s father gives him a dog. John Smith painted his boat white.

句子的拓展:

常用的英语句子除了基本句型的成分不变通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语(modifier)而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词(主要是形容词、副词和数词),也可以是各种类型的短语(主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语)。 We found the hall full.

We found the great hall full of students and teachers.

We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the People's Daily on current affairs in East Europe.

基本句型 一:S V (主+谓)

1. The sun│rose. 2. Who │cares? 3. What he said │does not matter. 4. They │talked for half an hour. 5. He │runs fast.

基本句型 二: S V P (主+系+表)

1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner │smells │good. 3. He │fell │in love. 4. Everything │looks │different. 5. He │is growing │tall and strong.

6. Our well │has gone │dry. 7. His face │turned │red.

基本句型 三: S V O (主+谓+宾)

1. Who │knows │the answer? 2. He │has refused │to help them. 3. He │enjoys │reading.

4. He │said │\

5. He │admits │that he was mistaken.

基本句型 四: S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾)

1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 2. He │brought │you │a dictionary. 3. I │showed │him │my pictures. 4. I │told │him │that the bus was late.

5. He │showed │me │how to run the machine.

基本句型 五: S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补)

1. They │painted │the door │green. 2. This │set │them │thinking.

3. They │found │the house │deserted. 4. He │asked │me │to come back soon. 5. I │saw │them │getting on the bus.

1. 句子结构成分分析 主语谓语宾语定语状语补语定语

英语的句子成分主要有以下几种:即主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语和同位语。(可以熟记为:主谓宾表,定状补同)。 划分句子成分时的常用符号 英语中划分句子成分的符号 主语 在下面画直线 谓语 在下面画曲线 宾语 在下面画双横线 定语

在下面画虚线 (一行点使我们想到一排钉子,

“钉”谐音为“定语”的“定”)

谓语由动词充当,说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征

和状态。谓语的构成如下:

A. 简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:

He practices running every morning. He reads newspapers every day. B. 复合谓语:

① 由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。如:

You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. My sister is crying over there. I have been waiting for you all the time. I would stay at home all day. Has he come back? He didn’t attend the meeting yesterday.

② 由系动词加表语构成。系动词不能单独作谓语,要和

表语一起作谓语。如: We are students. Your idea sounds great. 考点3. 表语

表语多是形容词,用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。 练习2. 画出下列句中的表语,并说明由什么充当。 1. Our teacher of English is an American. 2. Is it yours?

3. The weather has turned cold. 4. The speech is exciting. 5. Three times seven is twenty-one. 6. His job is to teach English.

7. His hobby(爱好)is playing football. 8. The machine must be under repairs.

练习1. 在下面句子的主语下面画横线,并说出由什么充当。 1. During the 1990s, American country music has become

more and more popular. 2. We often speak English in class.

3. One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4. To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5. Smoking does harm to the health. 6. The rich should help the poor.

7. When we are going to have English test has not been

decided. 8. It is necessary to learn a foreign language. 9. That he isn’t at home is not true. 10. There comes the bus.

11. Beyond the village lies a small village. 12. Now comes your turn. 考点2. 谓语

9. The truth is that he has never been abroad. 考点4. 宾语

宾语由名词性的词充当,表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。

宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语。

练习3. 画出下列句中的宾语, 并说明由什么充当。 1. They planted many trees yesterday.

2. (How many dictionaries do you have?) I have five. 3. They helped the old with their housework yesterday. 4. I wanted to buy a car.

5. I enjoy listening to popular music. 6. I think(that)he is fit for his office. 考点5. 宾语补足语

宾语补足语和宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。换句话说,在意思上,宾语相当于宾补的主语。

状语 下面为短横线 (短横线使我们想到短木桩,木

桩撞(状)钟) 补语 上一短横,下一短横(下一短横好像是为了弥

补上面短横间的空隙) 同位语 上下双曲线(都有曲折,上下位置基本相同) 考点1. 主语

主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首,通常由名词性的词来充当。

可以作主语的词性或语法结构: 1. 名词 2. 代词 3. 数词 4. 不定式 5. 动名词 6. 主语从句等表示。 7. 名词化的形容词(如the rich)

在英语中,形容词、副词和介词短语是不能作主语的。如果它们在句首时,句子可能是倒装句,真正的主语在后面。

On the desk are some books. (主语是books,所以用are) Down jumps the boy. (主语是the boy,所以用jumps ) Gone are the days. (主语是the days,所以用are)