发布时间 : 星期六 文章2020高考英语新课标大二轮辅导专题三 阅读理解3-10第十讲应用文阅读理解更新完毕开始阅读4c0558e2340cba1aa8114431b90d6c85ec3a88fd
第十讲 应用文阅读理解
Step1 典题感悟·高考名题这样考 (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)
OPENINGS AND PREVIEWS
Animals Out of Paper
Yolo! Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph, in which an origami(折纸术) artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio. Merri Milwe directs. In previews. Opens Feb.12.(West Park Presbyterian Church, 165 W．86th St.212-868-4444.) The Audience
Helen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan, about Queen Elizabeth II of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years. Stephen Daldry directs. Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey. Previews begin Feb.14.(Schoenfeld, 236 W．45th St.212-239-6200.)
Hamilton
Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton, in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story. Thomas Kail directs. In previews. Opens Feb.17.(Public, 425 Lafayette St.212-967-7555.)
On the Twentieth Century Kristin Chenoweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical comedy by Betty Comden and Adolph Green, about a Broadway producer who tries to win a movie star's love during a cross-country train journey. Scott Ellis directs, for Roundabout Theatre Company. Previews begin Feb.12.(American Airlines Theatre, 227 W．42nd St.212-719-1300.)
语篇解读：这是一篇应用文。这篇文章对一些话剧的开幕和新剧首映进行了介绍。 1．What is the play by Rajiv Joseph probably about? A．A type of art. C．A great teacher.
B．A teenager's studio. D．A group of animals.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据话剧Animals Out of Paper中的
Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph, in which an origami(折纸术) artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio.可知， Rajiv Joseph创作的话剧是关于折纸的一种艺术。故选A。
[答案] A
2．Who is the director of The Audience? A．Helen Mirren. C．Dylan Baker.
B．Peter Morgan. D．Stephen Daldry.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据话剧The Audience中的Stephen Daldry directs.可知，本剧是Stephen Daldry导演的。故选D。
[答案] D
3．Which play will you go to if you are interested in American history? A．Animals Out of Paper. B．The Audience. C．Hamilton.
D．On the Twentieth Century.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据话剧Hamilton中的Li-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton, in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story.可知，话剧Hamilton的主题是美国的诞生，由此可知，如果你对美国历史感兴趣，你可以看这部话剧。故选C。
[答案] C
Step2 文体分析·解题方略须明了
应用文体较容易，快速浏览明大意。 跳读内容重细节，亦可舍文先读题。 相关内容细比对，信息吻合破先机。
一、阅读理解中应用文的文体和结构特点
1．文体特点：语言简练，就其用词来看，文章里有大量生僻的专有名词，如地名、人名、机构名、组织名、书名、作品名等。
2．结构特点：应用文主要用于传递信息，高考卷中所采用的应用文通常有两种行文方式。一种是文中的几则信息构成平行并列结构，即每一则信息中的项目及其位置有一致性和对应性，几则信息前有时会用一个段落对文章信息作整体上的说明。
二、阅读理解中应用文的答题误区
应用文阅读理解试题难度不大，故答题时要谨防过于草率。出错的原因有可能是看信息时看错位，也有可能是为了追求速度只凭大致印象答题。因此，做题时一定要看准信息并在文章中找出相关信息以确保万无一失。另外，不要一字不落地阅读全文，这样会浪费很多时间，而是应该有选择性地快速筛选和获取答题所需要的信息。
三、阅读理解中应用文的阅读策略
应用文阅读理解总体上要做到稳、准、快，在确保准确率的基础上提高阅读速度，以节省时间。解题时，要做到：
1．快速浏览知主题。快速浏览加粗字体的标题、小标题或加下划线的语句等最重要的信息，以了解语篇提供的是哪方面的信息，并判定行文方式。
2．速读题干，跳读定位信息。接下来阅读每一道试题，根据题干定位信息点，并在文章中找出答案或相关信息。在定位和寻找信息点的时候，可以充分利用加粗字体的标题、小标题、加下划线的语句等重要信息提高阅读和解题速度，如果每则信息的项目及其位置具有一致性和对应性，就可利用其一致性和对应性快速查找答案，查找信息时不一定要读完全文。
3．细读解题信息。最后，根据查找的相关信息，经过思考后选出正确答案。 Step3 刷题训练·练稳练准练速度
A
(2019·雅安市期末检测)
Good news! Job offered
Receptionist Administration Full time
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Science Technician
Term time plus 10 days, 37 hours per week
We are looking for a technician to provide a technical support service for science teaching staff. Applications are to be received no later than midnight on 10th February 2019.
Health & Social Care Teacher
Our client, an 11～18 mixed comprehensive school in Ealing, West London, is currently seeking a teacher for Health & Social Care. The position will be a full-time post until July 2020. We require an energetic teacher to develop the learning potential of students. We are seeking someone with excellent subject knowledge who can combine academic strictness and achievement with enjoyment of teaching Health & Social Care.
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语篇解读：本文是一则广告。作者通过这篇文章向我们介绍了三种不同的工作，主要介绍了这些工作的要求、待遇以及工作时间等。
1．The receptionist to be employed will work ____________. A．20 hours a week C．38.5 hours a week
B．37 hours a week D．34.5 hours a week
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第一个广告The position is only from 8：30 a．m. to 4：30 p．m. Monday to Thursday and 8：30 a．m. to 4：00 p．m. Friday，with an hour's break for lunch every day.可知接待员周一到周四从8：30工作到4：30，周五从 8：30到 4：00，每天一个小时午休，因此一周共工作34.5个小时。故D选项正确。
[答案] D
2．________ is needed in a school in Ealing, West London. A．A full-time science teacher
B．A teacher with the ability to get along with people
C．A teacher with excellent knowledge about Health &Social Care D．A technician who can provide a technical support service
[解析] 细节理解题。根据最后一个广告Our client，an 11～18 mixed comprehensive school in Ealing，West London，is currently seeking a teacher for Health & Social Care.可知，西伦敦的学校需要具有良好的健康和社会保健知识的教师。故C选项正确。
[答案] C
3．The text is likely to appear ____________. A．on the Internet C．in a magazine
B．in a novel D．in a newspaper
[解析] 文章出处题。根据最后一段If you are keen to work, click the button below.可知，本文出自互联网。故A选项正确。
[答案] A
B
(2019·云南昆明市月考)Organizations that support women and promote equality and fairness in wages, in behavior, and with opportunities have spent years putting women's rights first as their missions. Check out the institutions that are helping fight for what's fair, no matter where women are in the world.
School Girls Unite
This nonprofit deals with education discrimination among young women in developing countries. In Mali, Africa, for example, only one in four girls make it to the 7th grade. School Girls Unite sponsors the girls' education, often at a cost as little as $75 per child, and follows them to complete their education.
Every Mother Counts
Model Christy Turlington Burns founded this activist group that seeks to improve medical care for mothers around the world by training professionals, improving transportation to care facilities, and donating crucial supplies to clinics. The organization has arranged funds that have improved mother mortality rates in Tanzania, Haiti, and India.
ANITA B．ORG
Since 1987, this social enterprise has pursued the mission statement of founder Anita Borg by putting women in a position to excel in the technology field. The group provides resources for education in coding and diversity both in the US and abroad. In India, they organize career fairs for women only, offering companies the chance to improve their gender diversity in the workforce.
Dress For Success
Wearing appropriate clothes for a job interview is vital for potential employees. For over 20 years, the caregivers at Dress for Success have been helping women realize their professional goals by providing suits they might not otherwise be able to afford. The nonprofit accepts clothing donations and then distributes them to countries and areas in need.
语篇解读：这是一篇应用文。本文介绍了四个为女性公平而战的非营利组织。 4．School Girls Unite helps women by ____________. A．training female instructors for the school B．providing free guidance on girls' education C．financially aiding girls with their education D．asking girls' parents to support their education
[解析] 细节理解题。根据School Girls Unite中的School Girls Unite sponsors the girls'