发布时间 : 星期五 文章缺血性脑卒中筛查规范更新完毕开始阅读4ffbbd6658fafab069dc02e8
carotid artery stenosis（ACST）. JAMA, 1995, 273: 1421-1428.
[21]. Panneton JM, Berger MW, Lewis BD et al. Intraoperative
duplex
ultrasound
during
carotid
endarterectomy. Vasc Surg. 2001, 35(1):1-9.
[22].郑宇、华扬、凌峰等。颈动脉内膜剥脱术前、术中、术后颅内外血流动力学变化的研究，中国医学影像技术。2004，20：1872-1874。
2、抗血小板药物的参考文献 [23].
Antithrombotic
Trialists'
Collaboration:
Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. BMJ 2002，324:71-86.
[24]. Coull A, Lovett JK, Rothwell PM, on behalf of the Oxford Vascular Study. Population based study of early risk of stroke after a transient ischaemic attack or minor stroke: implications for public education and organisation of services. BMJ 2004，328: 326–28.
[25].
International-Stroke-Trial-Collaborative-Group:
The international stroke trial (ist): A randomised trial if aspirin, subcutaneous heparin, both, or neither among 19435 patients with acute ischaemic stroke. Lancet 1997，349:1569-1581.
[26]. CAST-Collaborative-Group: Chinese Acute Stroke Trial (Cast): Randomised placebo-controlled trial of early aspirin use in 20000 patients with acute ischeaemic stroke. Lancet 1999，349:1641-1649.
[27]. ZhengMing Chen, MBBS, DPhil; Peter Sandercock, MD; HongChao Pan, DPhil; Carl Counsell, MD; Rory Collins, MBBS, MSc; LiSheng Liu, MD; JingXian Xie, MD; Charles Warlow, MD; Richard Peto, FRS; on behalf of the CAST and IST collaborative groups,
Indications for Early Aspirin Use in Acute Ischemic Stroke, A Combined Analysis of 40 000 Randomized Patients From the Chinese, Acute Stroke Trial and the International Stroke Trial. Stroke 2000，31;1240-1249.
[28]. Peter M Rothwell, Matthew F Giles, Arvind Chandratheva, Lars Marquardt, Olivia Geraghty, Jessica N E Redgrave, Caroline E Lovelock, Lucy E Binney, Linda M Bull, Fiona C Cuthbertson, Sarah J V Welch, Shelley Bosch, Faye Carasco-Alexander, Louise E Silver, Sergei A Gutnikov, Ziyah Mehta, on behalf of the Early use of Existing Preventive Strategies for Stroke (EXPRESS) study. Eff ect of urgent treatment of transient ischaemic attack and minor stroke on early recurrent stroke (EXPRESS study): a prospective population-based sequential comparison. Lancet 2007，370: 1432–42.
[29]. Clark TG, Murphy MF, Rothwell PM Long term risks of stroke, myocardial infarction, and vascular death in \risk\patients with a non-recent transient ischaemic attack. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2003，74:577-580.
[30]. Zhao D, Liu J, Wang W, Zeng Z, Cheng J, Liu J, Sun J, Wu Z. Epidemiological transition of stroke in China: twenty-one-year
observational
study
from
the
Sino-MONICA-Beijing Project. Stroke. 2008，Jun;39(6):1668-74.
[31]. Algra A, Van Gijn J, Algra A, Koudstaal PJ. Secondary prevention after cerebral ischaemia of presumed arterial origin: is aspirin still the touchstone? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry.1999， 66: 557-559.
[32]. Sacco M, Pellegrini F, Roncaglioni MC, Avanzini F, Tognoni G, Nicolucci A; PPP Collaborative Group. Primary prevention of cardiovascular events with low-dose aspirin and vitamin E in type 2 diabetic patients: results of the Primary Prevention Project (PPP) trial. Diabetes Care. 2003，
Dec;26(12):3264-72.
[33]. Diener HC, Cunha L, Forbes C, Sivenius J, Smets P, Lowenthal A: European stroke prevention study. 2. Dipyridamole and acetylsalicylic acid in the secondary prevention of stroke. J Neurol Sci 1996，143:1-13.
[34]. Huang YN, Gao S, Li SW et al. Vascular lesions in Chinese patients with transient ischemic attacks. Neurology 1997，48:524–5.
[35]. Wong KS, Li H: Long-term mortality and recurrent stroke risk among Chinese stroke patients with predominant intracranial atherosclerosis. Stroke 2003，34:2361–6.
[36]. CAPRIE Steering Committee. A randomized, blinded trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischemic events (CAPRIE). Lancet, 1996，348: 1329-1339.
[37]. Ringleb PA, Bhatt DL, Hirsch AT, Topol EJ, Hacke W; Clopidogrel Versus Aspirin in Patients at Risk of Ischemic Events Investigators. Benefit of clopidogrel over aspirin is amplified in patients with a history of ischemic events. Stroke. 2004;35:528-532.
[38]. Bhatt DL, Marso SP, Hirsch AT, Ringleb PA, Hacke W, Topol EJ. Amplified benefit of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients with diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol. 2002，90:625-628.
[39]. Diener HC, Sacco RL, Yusuf S, et al. Effects of aspirin plus extended-release dipyridamole versus clopidogrel and telmisartan on disability and cognitive function after recurrent stroke in patients with ischaemic stroke in the Prevention Regimen for Effectively Avoiding Second Strokes (PRoFESS) trial: a double-blind, active and placebo-controlled study. Lancet Neurol, 2008.
[40]. Hankey GJ, Sudlow CL, Dunbabin DW. Thienopyridine derivatives (ticlopidine, clopidogrel) versus aspirin for
preventing stroke and other serious vascular events in high vascular risk patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2000, (2): CD001246.
[41]. Diener H, Bogousslavsky J, Brass L, Cimminiello C, Csiba L, Kaste M, Leys D, Matias-Guiu J, Rupprecht H: Aspirin and clopidogrel compared with clopidogrel alone after recent ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack in high-risk patients
(MATCH):
Randomised,
double-blind,
placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2004，364:331-337.
[42]. Bhatt D, Fox K, Hacke W, Berger P, Black H, Boden W, Cacoub P, Cohen E, Creager M, Easton J, Flather M, Haffner S, Hamm C, Hankey G, Johnston S, Mak K, Mas J, Montalescot G, Pearson T, Steg P, Steinhubl S, Weber M, Brennan D, Fabry-Ribaudo L, Booth J, Topol E: Clopidogrel and aspirin versus aspirin alone for the prevention of atherothrombotic events. N Engl J Med 2006，354:1706-1717.
[43]. Gao S, KS Wong, Tjark Hansburg, Wynnie W.M. Lam, Dirk W. Droste E. Bernd Ringelstein, Microembolic signal predict recurrent stroke in acute stroke patients with middle cerebral artery stenosis. Stroke, 2004, 35(12):2832-6.
[44]. Markus HS, Droste DW, Kaps M, Larrue V, Lees KR, Siebler M, Ringelstein EB Dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin in symptomatic carotid stenosis evaluated using doppler embolic signal detection: the Clopidogrel and Aspirin for Reduction of Emboli in Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis (CARESS) trial. Circulation. 2005 ，May 3;111(17):2233-40.
[45]. The CURE Trial Investigators. Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with non ST elevation acute coronary syndromes. N Eng J Med. 2001，345:494-502.
[46]. Steinhubl SR, Berger PB, Mann JT 3rd, et al. Early and sustained dual oral antiplatelet therapy following