发布时间 : 星期五 文章北师大版高中英语选修六第3讲：Unit16 Stories-语法篇(教师版)更新完毕开始阅读5027d73185254b35eefdc8d376eeaeaad0f31658
Unit 16 Stories 语法篇
__________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 1、掌握过去完成时的用法；区分一般过去时与过去完成时的用法||。 2、掌握并区分have/get后加复合宾语的用法||。 一. 过去完成时
1. 定义：过去完成时是表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作、事情||。它表示的是发生在“过去的过去”的动作||，只有在和过去某个时间或动作相比较的时候才会使用过去完成时||。
2. 构成： 肯定式：had + 动词的过去分词
否定式：hadn't + 动词的过去分词 疑问式：Had … + 动词的过去分词 简略回答: Yes||， 主 + have/has had.
No||， 主 + had.
3. 用法：
①表示在过去某一时间或某个动作之前已经发完成的动作或状态||，强调在过去某一动作之前发发生了另一动作||，即“过去的过去”||。此句中常有by引导的时间状语从句或以before||， until||， when||， than等词引导的一般过去时的时间状语从句||。
By yesterday evening I had learnt about the news. 昨晚我就已经得知了这个消息||。 By the time they arrived||， the bus had left. 他们到的时候||，公交车已经离开了||。 They were sorry they had never been to the Great Wall. 他们因从未去过长城而感到遗憾||。
②表示一个动作或状态在过去某个时间之前发生或存在||，一直持续到这个过去时间||，并有可能持续下去||。此时句中常有for或since构成的时间状语或since||，after引导的时间状语从句||。 He had worked for more than 10 hours before we arrived. 在我们到达之前||，他已经工作10多个小时了||。
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She said she had made great progress since she came here. 她说自从她到这儿已经取得了很大进步||。 ③表达过去未曾实现的愿望||，意思是“本打算（希望）......”||，常用下列动词的过去完成式来表示：plan||， want||， hope||， think||， intend||， mean||， suppose||， expect等||。
They had wanted to help but couldn't get there in time. 他们本想去帮忙||，但没能及时赶到那儿||。 ④用于no sooner...than||， hardly/scarcely...when句型中||，意为“一......就......”||。 No sooner had he sat down than the phone rang. 他刚坐下电话铃就响了||。 ⑤用于it was the first/second...time that及it was...since...后的从句中 This was the first time he had ever been late. 这是他第一次迟到||。
It was three years since we had left the city. （那时）我们离开那座城市已有三年||。 二. 过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
1. 一般过去时表示过去时间发生的动作或存在的状态||，而过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成得动作或状态||，即“过去的过去”||。当强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前时||，常用过去完成时||。比较：
The class had already begun when I came to school. 当我来到学校时||，已经开始上课了||。 He had gone home before I got to his office. 在我到达他的办公室之前||，他就已经回家了||。
2. 一般过去时与过去完成时都可以和确定的表示过去的时间状语连用||，但侧重点有所不同||。比较： They had done the work at five o'clock. 在5点钟的时候他们已经完成了那项工作||。 They did the work at five o'clock. 他们是在五点钟做那项工作的||。
3. 在带有after或before引导的时间状语从句的复合句中||，由于从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确||，所以可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时||。 He called on me soon after he had returned. 他回来不久便来拜访我了||。 =He called on me soon after he returned.
The train had left before I got to the station. 我到站之前||，火车已经离开了||。 =The train left before I got to the station. 三. have/get + 复合宾语
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have||， get后接三种形式做宾语补足语时||，have||， get意为“使||，让||，叫”||。 1. have/get sth. done 使/让某事由别人去做（叫/让某人做某事） I'll have/get my bike repaired tomorrow. 明天我会叫人给我修自行车||。 误区警示：
have sth. done 还表示“使某事/某物遭受......”||。
Tom had his leg broken while playing football. 汤姆踢足球时||，一条腿摔断了||。
2. have sb./sth. doing sth. 使/让某人/某物持续地做某事（现在分词表示主动和正在进行）； get sb./sth. doing sth. 使某人/某物开始做某事
The peasants had the tractors working day and night at the harvest time. 在收获的时节||，农民们让拖拉机夜以继日地工作||。
The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest. 休息了片刻之后||，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进||。 误区警示：
have sb. doing若用于否定句中||，have有“容忍”之意||。
I can't have you speaking to your parents like that. 我不会容忍你跟你的父母那样说话||。 Don't have the water running all the time. 不要让水流个不停||。 3. have sb. do sth./get sb. to do sth. 使/让/叫某人去做某事
Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt. 妈妈让我去商店买些盐||。
I can't get him to stop smoking. He won't listen to me. 我不能阻止他吸烟||。他不听我的||。 例1.（2019 北京高考）I found the lecture hard to follow because it _ ____ when I arrived. A. started B. was starting C. would start D. had started
解析：句意：我发现那个演讲很难跟得上||，因为我到的时候已经开始了||。考查动词的时态||。arrive
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发生在过去||，start发生在arrive之前||，因此用过去完成时||。 答案：D||。
例 2.（2019 山东高考）Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we ___ __. A. will expect B. are expecting C. expect D. had expected
解析：句意：手写所有得邀请函比我们预想的更耗时||。考查动词时态||。was为过去式||，expect发生在“耗费时间”之前||，“过去的过去”||，故用过去完成时||。 答案：D||。
例3.（2019 陕西高考）No sooner __ __ stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. A. had Mo Yan B. Mo Yan had C. has Mo Yan D. Mo Yan has
解析：句意：莫言一登上舞台||，观众就发出了雷鸣般的掌声||。考查动词的时态||。no sooner...than...是固定搭配“一......就......”||，主句用过去完成时||，从句用一般过去时；no sooner置于句首时||，其后用部分倒装||。 答案：A||。
例4.（2019 浙江高考）Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she __ __ most of the guests before. A. has seen B. had seen C. saw D. would see
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