发布时间 : 星期二 文章2018 牛津高中英语 模块五 Unit3 Science and nature语法专题： 过去分词更新完毕开始阅读503882c26429647d27284b73f242336c1eb9302a
2018 牛津高中英语 模块五 Unit3 Science and nature 单元语法专题：过去分词
语法精讲：过去分词 一、构成及应用 1 过去分词的构成
规则动词的过去分词由动词原形加ed 构成，不规则动词的过去分词没有统一规则。
2 过去分词的句法作用：过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词，在句中可以作定语、表语、补足语或状语。 1）作定语
（1 ）单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面，相当于一个形容词。 ①The excited people rushed into the building. 激动的人们冲进了大楼。 ②We need more qualified teachers. 我们需要更多合格的教师。
（2） 过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。 ①The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.
=The books, which were written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.鲁迅写的这些书受到了许多中国人的欢迎。
② The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success.
= The meeting, which was attended by one thousand students, was a success. 这次共有一千名学生出席的会议获得了成功。 2) 作表语
过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或所处状态，此时的过去分词相当于一个形容词。 The glass is broken. 玻璃碎了。
Our classroom is crowed. 我们的教室很拥挤。 常见的作表语额过去分词有：
Amused (感到愉快的) broken (碎了的) closed(关闭的) astonished( 感到吃惊的) crowded(拥挤的) experienced(有经验的 ) delighted(感到高兴的 ) gone(不见了) disappointed(满意的) worried( 担忧的) interested( 感兴趣的) tired( 疲劳的) pleased(感到高兴的) satisfied( 满意的) surprised(惊奇的 ) known(著名的) relaxed(放松的)
2）作宾语补足语
过去分词作宾语补足语，宾语与宾语补足语之间时被动关系。 ① I’ll have my hair cut. 我要去理发。
②In the morning people woke up and found the world outside their houses completely changed.
早上人们一醒来就发现屋外的世界完全变了样。
③Many towns and villages had their water supply cut off because there was no electricity. 因为没有电，许多城镇和村庄的水供应被切断了。 温馨提示：
能接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词大致可分为以下两类：
1） Make, get, have, keep等使役动词，此类动词使用最广泛。
① We need to get the machine repaired at once as we want to use it in our experiment tomorrow. 因为我们明天做实验想用这台机器，所以我们需要立即找人把它修好。 ②The thief kept his money hidden in his shoes. 那个小偷把钱藏在鞋里。 2） see, hear, feel等感官动词
She was glad to see her children well taken care of in the nursery.
她很高兴看到她的孩子们在托儿所被很好地照顾。 归纳总结：
With的复合结构即“with +复合结构”结构，它是“with+宾语（名词或代词）”+非谓语动词（分词、动词不定式）/介词短语/形容词/副词等”所构成的一种结构。当宾语补足语是过去分词时，表示宾语与宾语补足语之间是被动关系。
① With all the work done, we went to play basketball. 所有的工作都做完了，我们就去打篮球了。
②The fellow stood there with his hands crossed. 这个家伙双臂交叉，站在那里。
③The peasants have a good harvest with all the crops got in. 庄稼都收获了，农民们有了一个好收成。 4）作状语
过去分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随等。 （1）表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。
Asked what had happened, he lowered his head.
=When he was asked what had happened, he lowered his head.
当被问到发生了什么事情的时候，他低下来头。 （2）表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
①Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarreling with each other.
= Because they were deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarreling with each other.激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了，停止了争吵。
②Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the challenge. =Because they were encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the challenge.受到了这次演讲的鼓舞，这些年轻人决定接受挑战。 （3）表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句 Given another chance, he will do it better.
= If he is given another chance, he will do it better. 再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。 （4）表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。 Laughed at by many people, he continued his study.
= Though he was laughed at by many people, he continued his study.
尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。 （5）表方式或伴随，可以转换成并列句
The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.
=The old man went into the room, and he was supported by his wife. 那个老人在他妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。 温馨提示：
过去分词作伴随状语可以转换成并列谓语或并列句。 They came in, followed by some children.
=They came in and were followed by some children. 他们进来了，后面跟着一些孩子。 归纳总结：
如果过去分词作状语时，前面再加逻辑主语，句子的主语就不再是过去分词的逻辑主语，实际上这种带逻辑主语的过去分词形式属于独立主格结构。
The signal given, the bus started. 信号一发出，公共汽车就开动了。
（The signal 是given的逻辑主语，因此句子主语the bus就不再是given的逻辑主语）
Her head held high, she went by. 她高昂着头走了过去。
（her head 是held的逻辑主语， 因此句子主语she就不再是held的逻辑主语） 二、在描绘人或物时动词ing形式与动词ed形式的区别
英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其动词ing形式表示“令人有某种感觉的”； 其动词ed形式表示“人有某种感觉的”。动词ing形式多用来指事物的性质，而动词ed形式多用来指人的心理感受或状态。
Moving (令人感动的) moved (受感动的)
Frightening (令人恐惧的) frightened (受惊吓的 ) pleasing (令人高兴的 ) pleased (高兴的，满意的) encouraging ( 令人鼓舞的 ) encouraged (受鼓舞的 ) exciting (令人兴奋的) excited (兴奋的，激动的) ①This is a moving story. 这是一个动人的故事。
②He was deeply moved by the story.他被那个故事深深地感到了。 ③The news is very surprising.这个消息很令人惊讶。
④Hearing the news, we felt very surprised.听到那个消息，我们感到很惊讶。 ⑤That was a frightening sound.那时令人害怕的声音。
⑥They were frightened to hear the sound.听到那种声音，他们很害怕。
跟踪训练
1 In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message_____within the work. A to hide B hidden C hiding D being hidden
2 ____over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now. A Ordering B To order C Having ordered D Ordered
3 To return to the problem of water pollution, I’d like you to look at a study____in Australia in 2012.
A having conducted B to be conducted C conducting D conducted
4 Much time ______sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems. A being spent B having spent C spent D spending
5 Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother ____good care of at home.
A taking B taken C take D be taken
6 While waiting for the opportunity to get_____, Henry did his best to perform his duty. A promote B promoted C promoting D to promote
7 Clearly and thoughtfully _______, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
A writing B to write C written D being written
8 Amie Salmon, disabled , is attended throughout her school days by a nurse____to guard her. A to appoint B appointing C appointed D having appointed
9 The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras_____to our shop for quality problems. A returning B returned C to return D to be returned
10 In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words_____in daily conversations. A using B to use C having used D used
11 You cannot accept an opinion ____to you unless it is based on facts. A offering B to offer C having offered D offered
12 The witnesses _____by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight. A questioned B being questioned C to be questioned D having questioned 13 They might just have a place_____on the writing course----why don’t you give it a try? A leave B left C leaving D to leave
14 When we saw the road _____with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. A block B to block C blocking D blocked
15 After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope_____. A providing B provided C having provided D provide
16 When_____for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
A asking B asked C having asked D to be asked
17 “It’s such a nice place.” mother said as she sat at the table _____for customers. A to be reserved B having reserved C reserving D reserved 18 Time, ______correctly, is money in the bank. A to use B used C using D use
19 _____with care, one tin will last for six weeks. A Use B Using C Used D To use
20 The professor tried his best to make the students _____what he was saying but he found it hard to make himself____.
A understand; understand B understand; understood C understood; understood D understood; understand
21 The Swiss airplane Solar Impulse 2 ____only by energy from the sun arrived in Chongqing on March 31, its creators ____the plane will make the first around-the-world journey without any fuel.
A powered; hoped B powered; hoping C powering; hoped D powering; hoping 22 ____toothache, the old man felt very bitter, having no good sleep.
A Not being rid of B Not ridding of C Not rid of D Not having rid of
23 The pupils in our school like reading after lunch, most of _____seated on the grass unless it rains.
A them B whom C that D who
24 The lorry_____with empty beer bottles pulled up all of a sudden and hundreds of bottles slid on to the road.
A loaded B loading C having loaded D to be loaded
25 People tend to love agricultural products_____without the use of fertilizers, pesticides or chemical additives.
A growing B grown C being grown D having been grown
26 ____with a gradual rise of seawater, some nations in the Pacific are considering moving in the near future.
A Facing B To face C Being faced D Faced
27 The documentary Under the Dome (穹顶）_____by Chai Jing, a former CCTV reporter, ____our understanding of the serious pollution in China.
A made; promoting B made; promotes C making; promoting D making; promotes 28 _____in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art.
A To found B Founding C Founded D Having founded