发布时间 : 星期三 文章江苏省南京市金陵中学、海安高级中学、南京外国语学校2018届高三第四次模拟考试英语试题+Word版含答案更新完毕开始阅读509f102f162ded630b1c59eef8c75fbfc67d944c
there all along. ③ Its time reached back to the very origins of the banana. ④ The people in that village had known about it for years. My own time had come in relation to it. This chance encounter showed me the special genius of those people, and the special potential of the green banana. I had been wondering for some time about those episodes of clarity which educators like to call “learning moments,” and knew I had just experienced two of them at once.
The importance of the rock marking the center of the world took a while to filter through. I had initially doubted their claim, knowing for a fact that the center was located somewhere in New England. After all, my grandfather had come from there. But gradually I realized they had a valid belief, a universal concept, and I agreed with them. We tend to define the center as that special place where we are known, where we know others, where things mean much to us, and where we ourselves have both Identity and meaning; family, school, town, and local region.
The lesson which gradually filtered through was the simple concept that every place has special meanings for the people in it; every place represents the center of the world. The number of such centers
is incalculable, and no one student or traveler can experience all of them, but once a conscious breakthrough to a second center is made, a life-long perspective and collection can begin.
62. What is the best title for the passage? A. A Car Accident
B. An Identity Issue D. The Green Banana
C. The Unforgettable Moment
63. What can we infer from Paragraph 3?
A. The author was open-minded enough to respect their wisdom and beliefs. B. The author was polite trying not to show disagreement with the helper. C. It occurred to the author that the center of the world would be the tall slender rock.
D. The author came to realize that every place has special meanings for the people in it.
64. Where could the following “Suddenly on that mountain road? its time and my need
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had met.” be best added in Paragraph 5? A. ①
B. ②
C. ③
D. ④
65. What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage?
A. To inspire people to rethink and redefine the center of the world in their eyes. B. To illustrate that ignorance can sometimes be a blessing In disguise. C. To encourage people to discover something with special value and meaning. D. To point out that traveling is a good way for people to search for their Identity.
D
They make some of the world’s best-loved products. Their logos are instantly recognizable. For investors, they promise steady returns in difficult times. They seem to be getting ever bigger: on June 30th Mondelez International made a $23 billion bid for Hershey to create the world’s biggest confectioner（甜食业）; and on July 7th Danone, the world’s largest yogurt maker, agreed to buy White Wave Foods, a natural-food group, for $12,5 billion. Yet trouble lurks（潜伏）for the giants in consumer packaged goods（CPG）, which also include firms such as General Mills, Nestle, Procter & Gamble and Unilever.
For a hint of the problem they face, take the example of Daniel Lubetzky, who began peddling his fruit-and-nut bars in health-food stores: his KIND bars are sow everywhere, stacked in airports and Walmarts. Or that of Michael Dubin and Mark Levine, entrepreneurs irked by expensive razors, who began shipping cheaper ones directly to consumers five years ago. Their Dollar Shave Club now controls 5% of America’s razor market.
From 2011 to 2015 large CPG companies lost nearly three percentage points of market share in America, according to a joint study by the Boston Consulting Group and IRI, a consultancy and data provider, respectively. In emerging markets local competitors are a growing headache for multinational giants. Nestle, the world’s biggest food company, has missed its target of 5-6% sales growth for three years running.
For a time, size gave CPG companies an unbelievable advantage. Centralizing decisions and consolidating（合并）manufacturing helped firms expand profits. Deep pockets meant companies could spend millions on a fancy television advertisement,
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then see sales rise. Firms distributed goods to a vast network of stores, paying for good placement on shelves.
Yet these advantages are not what they once were. Consolidating factories has made companies more vulnerable to the swing of a particular currency points out Nik Modi of RBC Capital Markets, a bank. The Impact of television adverts is fading, as consumers learn about products on social media and from online reviews. At the same time, barriers to entry are falling for small firms. They can outsource production and advertise online. Distribution is getting easier, too: a young brand may prove itself with online sales, then move Into Mg stores, Financing mlirors the same trend: last year Investors poured $3.3 billion into private CPG firms, according to CB Insights, a data firm — up by 58% from 2014 and a huge 638% since 2011.
Most troublesome, the giants are finding it hard to keep up with fast-changing consumer markets. Ali Dibadj of Sanford C. Bernstein, a research firm, points out that some consumers in middle-income countries began by assuming Western products were superior. As their economies grew, local players often proved more adaptable to shoppers’ needs. Since 2004 big emerging economies have seen growth of local and regional companies, according to data compiled by RBC. In China, for example, Yunnan Baiyao Gioup accounts for 10% of the toothpaste market, with sales growing by 45% each year since 2004. In Brazil Botica Comercial Farmaceutica sells nearly 30% of perfume. And.in India Ghari Industries now peddles more than 17% of detergent.
In America and Europe, the world’s biggest consumer markets, many firms have been similarly leaden-footed. If a shopper wants a basic product, he can choose from cheap, store-brand goods from the likes of Aldi and Walmart. But if a customer wants to pay more for a product, it may not be for a traditional big brand. This may be because shoppers trust little brands more than established ones. One-third of American consumers surveyed by Deloitte, a consultancy, said they would pay at least 10% more for the “craft” version of a good, a greater share than would pay extra for convenience or innovation. Interest in organic products has been a particular challenge for big manufacturers whose packages list such “tasty-sounding” ingredients as sodium benzoate（苯甲酸钠）and Yellow 6（日落黄）。
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Big companies have been trying to respond. The most notable strategy has been buy other firms and cut costs. 3G, a Brazilian firm has cut budgets at Heinz, a 147-year-old company it bought in 2013; then Kraft, which it merged（合并）with Heinz in 2015. Heinz’s profit margin widened from 18% to 28% in just two years, according to Sanford C. Bernstein.
Big firms are also acquiring or backing smaller rivals. In 2013 two American food companies and a French one — Campbell Soup, Main Celestial and Danone—each bought a maker of organic baby food. Coca-Cola and Unilever, an Anglo-Dutch titan, have long bought companies outright or invested in them. Both General Mills and Campbell have launched their own venture-capital arms.
66. The underlined word “irked” in Paragraph 2 probably means “ ”. A. annoyed amazed
67. The author mentions “KIND bars” and “Dollar Shave Club razors” in Paragraph 2 to indicate that .
A. “KIND” and “Dollar Shave Club” are becoming world-loved brand names B. CPG giants are considering buying smaller firms like “KIND” or “Dollar Shave Club”
C. small firms can also bring investors profits although they sell cheap and basic products
D. local competitors like “KIND” and “Dollar Shave Club” are challenging traditional big brands
68. According to the passage, the influence of TV advertisements is fading because .
A. consumers are no longer interested in watching TV B. consumers can learn about products on social media C. consumers find TV advertisements less fancy than before D. consumers can buy products online instead of going to a store
69. Which is one possible advantage of small firms over large giants in emerging market?
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B. embarrassed C. frightened D.