发布时间 : 星期二 文章2014广东高考英语 一句多译更新完毕开始阅读515a6fed02d276a200292ed0
提高解答英语主观题能力的途径
---一句多译
湖北枣阳一中 姜敬军
一句多译或句式变换，就是从不同的角度、用不同的方式、全方位地对一个特定的句子进行表达。这种方法不仅可以巩固学生已学的词法和句法知识，而且能够综合检测学生的知识迁移能力，是培养学生的思维能力、提高学生解答主观题能力（如完成句子和书面表达）的行之有效的途径。 例如：“他是个聪明的孩子，我们都很喜欢他。”其表达方式有：
1. He is a clever boy. As a result (As a consequence / In consequence / Consequently), we all like him very much. （表因果关系短语）
2. We all like the boy very much as a result of / as a consequence of / in consequence of / because of / on account of his cleverness. （表因果关系短语） 3. He is a clever boy, so we all like him very much. （并列句）
4. Because he is a clever boy, we all like him very much.（原因状语从句）
5. He is such a clever boy that we all like him very much（结果状语从句，从句部分完整） 6. He is so clever a boy that we all like him very much. （结果状语从句，从句部分完整） 7. Such a clever boy is he that we all like him very much.（结果状语从句，放句首时部分倒装） 8. So clever a boy is he that we all like him very much. （结果状语从句，放句首时部分倒装） 9. He is so clever a boy as we all like very much. （定语从句，从句部分不完整） 10. He is such a clever boy as we all like very much. （定语从句，从句部分不完整） 11. We all like him very much. That’s because he is a clever boy.（表语从句，“那是因为…”） 12. He is a clever boy. That’s why we all like him very much. （表语从句，“那是…原因”） 13. It is because he is a clever boy that we all like him very much（强调句型，强调原因状语） 14. The reason why we all like him very much is that he is a clever boy.（定语从句 / 表语从句，
The reason why / for which…is that…为固定句式）
15. The reason why / for which we all like him very much lies in the fact that he is a clever boy.（定语从句 / 同位语从句）
16. That he is a clever boy makes all of us / us all like him very much（主语从句） 17. His being a clever boy makes all of us /us all like him very much.（动名词复合结构，作主语） 18. That we all like the boy very much results from/arises from his cleverness.（主语从句 / 表原
因短语）
19. That we all like the boy very much is due to his cleverness. （主语从句 / 表原因短语） 20. Owing to the boy’s cleverness, we all like him very much. （表原因短语） “一句多译” 实战演练:
1. 汤姆比他班上的学生高。（10种方式） 2. 他年龄小，还不能参军。（10种方式）
3. 虽然他上了岁数，但是对这一点却知之甚少。（10种方式） 4. 直到电影开始他才到。（3种方式） 5. 尝试一下，你就会发现你做得到。（9种方式） 6. 我们中有些人不习惯（适应）这里的气候。（7种方式） 7. 玩火自焚。（5种方式）
8. 当时要不是有你的帮助，我就不会考试及格。
9. 他当时别无它法，只好回家。 10. 他对你刚才说的那番话很生气。 参考答案及简要分析：
1. (1) Tom is taller than (all) the others in his class.
(2) Tom is taller than (all) the other students in his class. (3) Tom is taller than any of the others in his class.
(4) Tom is taller than any of the other students in his class. (5) Tom is taller than any others in his class.
(6) Tom is taller than any other student in his class. (any other后常接单数名词) (7) Tom is taller than anyone else in his class.
(8) No one (Nobody) is taller (more tall) than Tom (is) in his class. (9) No other student is taller than Tom in his class.
说明: (1)---(9) 是常见的表最高级含义的比较级句型。 (10) Tom is the tallest student in his class. 2．（1） He is so young that he can’t join the army. （结果状语从句）
（2） He is so young a man that he can’t join the army. （注意句式中的词序） （3） He is such a young man that he can’t join the army.（注意词序）
（4） So young a man is he that he can’t join the army. （结果状语从句，放句首时要部分
倒装; 注意词序）
（5） Such a young man is he that he can’t join the army.（结果状语从句，放句首时要部分
倒装; 注意词序）
（6） He is too young to join the army. （固定短语／句式） （7） He is too young a man to join the army. （注意句式中的词序） （8） He isn’t old enough to join the army.
（9） He isn’t old enough a man to join the army. （注意句式中的词序）
（10）He is so young as to be turned down by the army. （so…as to, 表结果含义的短语） 3. (1) Old man as he is , he knows little about it. （固定句式，单数可数名词前不加冠词）
(2) Old as he is , he knows little about it. (3) He is old, but he knows little about it.
(4) Although he is old (an old man), he knows little about it.
(5) While he is old (an old man), he knows little about it（While引导让步状语从句 “虽
然”时，常放句首）
(6) He knows little about it when he is old (an old man).(when引导让步状语从句表 “虽
然”时，常放句中)
(7) For all his old age, he knows little about it. （for all…为固定短语,“尽管…”, 后接
名词或代词）
(8) In spite of his old age, he knows little about it. (9) Despite his old age, he knows little about it.
(10) For all (In spite of / Despite) the fact that he is old (an old man), he knows little about it. 4. (1) He didn’t come until the film had begun. (not…until…正装语序形式)
(2) Not until the film had begun did he come. （not …until…倒装语序形式） (3) It was not until the film had begun that he came. （not…until…强调句型形式） 5. (1) Try and you’ll see you can do it. (固定句型，“祈使句＋并列连词＋陈述句”)
(2) If you try, you’ll see you can do it. （条件状语从句）
(3) Trying, you’ll see you can do it. （非谓语动词作状语）
(4) Only when you try will you see you can do it. （Only位于句首，后接时间状语从句
时应倒装，“主句倒装、从句不倒装”）
(5) You won’t see you can do it unless you try. (条件状语从句) (6) You will see you can do it as / so long as you try. (7) You will see you can do it on condition that you try.
(8) You will see you can do it on the understanding that you try. 说明：（6）---（8）为引导条件状语从句的常见短语。 (9) You will see you can do it, providing / provided that you try.
说明：providing / provided that…为固定结构，独立成分作状语。
6. (1) Some of us aren’t used to the climate here. (固定短语)
(2) Some of us aren’t accustomed to the climate here.
(3) Some of us don’t get (become / grow) accustomed to the climate here. (4) Some of us don’t accustom themselves to the climate here. (5) Some of us don’t adapt (themselves) to the climate here. (6) Some of us don’t adjust (themselves) to the climate here.
说明：（1）---（6）为表“习惯于、适应 / 适合”的常见短语。
(7) The climate here doesn’t agree with some of us.（agree with表“适应／适合”时，其
主语常用事物名词充当。）
7. (1) Anyone who plays with fire gets burned. (定语从句)
(2) Those who play with fire get burned. （定语从句）
(3) Whoever plays with fire gets burned. （whoever引导名词性从句－主语从句） (4) Whoever plays with fire , he gets burned. （whoever引导让步状语从句） (5) No matter who plays with fire, he gets burned.（no matter+疑问词,引导让步状语从句） 8. (1) If it had not been for your help then, I wouldn’t have passed the exam.(if 引导的虚拟语
气，对过去发生的情况进行假设。)
(2) Had it not been for your help then, I wouldn’t have passed the exam.（倒装句式表示的
虚拟语气。注意：此时，not不能放在Had后）
(3) But for your help then, I wouldn’t have passed the exam. (but for “要不是，倘若没有”，
后接名词或代词，主句部分用虚拟语气。)
(4) But for the fact that you helped me then, I wouldn’t have passed the exam.
(5) But that you helped me then, I wouldn’t have passed the exam. (but that “要不是，倘若
没有”, 后接句子，主句部分用虚拟语气。)
9. (1) He had no choice but to go home at that time.
(2) He had no option but to go home at that time.
(3) He had no alternative but to go home at that time.
说明: (1) --- (3) 是介词but“除了”后面需带to 的常见固定句式。 (4) He could but go home at that time. (5) He couldn’t but go home at that time.
(6) He couldn’t choose but go home at that time. (7) He couldn’t help but go home at that time. (8) He could do nothing but go home at that time. (9) He had nothing to do but go home at that time.
说明：（4）---（9）是介词but“除了”后面需省去 to的常见固定句式。
10. (1) He was very angry at what you said just now.（宾语从句，what从句相当于一个名词）
(2) He was very angry at the words (that) you said just now. （定语从句）
(3) He was very angry because of what you said just now. （表原因短语 / 宾语从句） (4) He was very angry because of the words (that) you said just now. （表原因短语 / 定
语从句）
(5) What you said just now made him very angry. （主语从句）
(6) The words (that) you said just now made him very angry. （定语从句） (7) The reason why he was very angry lay in what you said just now. （定语从句 / 宾语从
句）
(8) The reason why he was very angry lay in the words (that) you said just now.（定语从
句）
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