发布时间 : 星期三 文章考研英语长难句更新完毕开始阅读525a14fd700abb68a982fb5c
结构分析：句子主干Someone had nowhere to turn to。traveling是现在分词，是修饰someone的定语。if引导的从句中均省略了“主语＋be动词”的结构，这样显得句子简洁。
译文：独自旅行时，如果没有了食物，受了伤或者生了病，通常只能向最近的小屋或者村落求救。
37．We live a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.
结构分析：句子主干是We live in a society。此句句子虽长，但是结构并不复杂，可以从冒号开始分为两个部分。in which引导了一个定语从句。该从句的分句谓语动词是is而不是are，是因为在这个从句中主语是use，而不是substances。在冒号后的部分中，quiet是及物动词，是“镇静”的意思。
译文：在我们生活的社会里，物质（药品）被广泛地运用于社交和医疗，比如说服用阿司匹林来缓解头疼，喝酒来应酬，早晨喝咖啡来提神，吸烟来镇定情绪等。
38．Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued. 结构分析：句子主干是Dependence is marked first by…, with…, and then by…。with引导的是伴随结构作状语，修饰的是整个第一分句描述的状态。and引导的分句省略了谓语动词marked ，所以该分句并不隶属于第一分句，而是与之并列的结构，when引导的是第二个分句的时间状语从句。
译文：依赖最初表现为忍耐力增强，用量越来越大才能达到预期效果，一旦停用就会产生不舒服的症状。
39．But he talked as well about the “balanced struggle” between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music. 结构分析：句子主干是But he talked as well about …, and he announced that…由and连接的两个并列成分构成。第二个分句中有一个that引导的宾语从句。
译文：但他也谈到了创作自由与社会责任之间要“努力保持均衡”这一问题。他宣布公司将发起一次活动，以制定有关发行和标识可能招致大众反对的音乐的各种标准。
40．Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July.
结构分析：句子主干是Average inflation fell。close to相当于省略了which was的非限制性定语从句。Before后面的成分是对全句的补充说明，是状语成分。状语成分可以置句首，也可以置句末，并无规定。之所以用rising，是因为before在这里是介词。
译文：去年,七大工业国家的通货膨胀率下降到了2.3%，接近30年来最低水平，今年7月才小幅上涨到2.5%，比许多国家70年代和80年代两位数低了很多。
41．Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America's, have little productive slack.
结构分析：句子主干是Economists have been…surprised。主句用现在完成时have been…。Since引导的是表原因的状语从句。
译文：特别让经济学家感到诧异的是，英美两国的通货膨胀带来的是良性的结果。因为传统的分析方法表明，两国尤其是美国的经济生产,几乎没有闲置的生产资源。
42．Actually it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is
something the world does not have.
结构分析：句子主干是Actually it isn’t…。主句很简单，而because引导的原因状语从句中，又有一个that引导的宾语从句。这个从句中，主语an agreed account of human rights由一个which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰，而这个非限制性定语从句中又有一个限制性定语从句the world does not have来修饰something。
译文：事实并非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为基础的，而这种共同认识并不存在。
43．Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.
结构分析：句子主干是Some philosophers argue that…。that引导的宾语从句中，as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements充当了补语的角色。
译文：有些哲学家主张说，权利只存在于社会契约中，是责任与利益相交换的一部分。 44．Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.
结构分析：句子主干是Arguing from the view that humans are…, extremists of this…逗号前面是一个现在分词短语，做状语，里面又有一个that从句做the view的同位语，逗号后面的that从句是一个宾语从句。
译文：这类人持极端看法，认为人与动物在各相关方面都不相同，对待动物无须考虑道德问题。 45．When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind's instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.
结构分析：句子主干是When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is …instinct…, an instinct that should be…。以冒号为界，将全句分成两个复合句。前面的复合句里，when that happens是时间状语从句。冒号后面的复合句里有一个that从句，做instinct的定语。
译文：这种反应本身没有错，这是人类道德观念在进行推理时，本能在起作用，这种本能应得到鼓励而不应遭到嘲弄。
46．The Aswan Dam, for example，stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left - all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.
结构分析：句子主干是The Aswan Dam, …stopped the Nile flooding…but… 有插入语。for example是个插入结构，不是句子的主要成分。but后面省略了the Aswan Dam。注意so…that…结构，是“如此……以至于”的意思。 译文：以阿斯旺大坝为例，它挡住了尼罗河的洪水，但也使埃及失去了洪水冲积的肥沃土壤，换回来的却是一个病态的大水库。现在水库积满泥沙，几乎不能用于发电了。
47．The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend. 结构分析：句子主干是The trouble is that…is due to…, and so is not…the trouble is that…是表语从句结构。后一个that引导的是修饰rebound的定语从句。
译文：问题在于，近期的增长在一定程度上，是由于商业运作周期涨落的结果。因此，还不能得出经济已经呈现复苏态势这一结论。
48．New ways of organizing the workplace all that reengineering and downsizing - are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training.
结构分析：句子主干是New ways of…workplace…are only one contribution to…, which is…, and…
两个破折号中间的成分为插入结构，可以视为括号里面的内容。Such as后面的内容是对many other factors的列举。在阅读的时候基本可以跳过不看，除非后面有细节题考查这里的内容。
译文：组织工作场所的新方法包括机构重组和缩小规模,这些只是促进某个经济实体的综合生产率提高的一项措施，还有其他许多因素可以促进生产率的提高，比如对机械设备的联合投资、采用新技术、对教育培训投资等。 49．His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied reengineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long term profitability. 结构分析：句子主干是His colleague,…, says，that… 引导的是宾语从句, chopping out costs without giving sufficient…是现在分词短语结构做状语。without后面要跟动名词giving。 译文：他的同事迈克尔?比尔说，为数众多的公司以简单机械的方式进行结构重组，降低了成本，但却未能充分考虑长期赢利。
50. Levi Strauss persuaded the court that, by selling its jeans cheaply alongside soap powder and bananas, Tesco was destroying the image and so the value of its brands--which could only lead to less innovation and, in the long run, would reduce consumer choice.
结构分析：that之后是一个宾语从句；by之后的动名词来做宾语从句的状语；宾语从句中which又引导了一个非限制性定语从句。
译文：利维.斯特劳斯公司使法庭相信特易购把利维牛仔服与皂粉，香蕉等放在一起廉价销售这一做法使其形象受损，品牌价值也因此受到了影响，这势必会使产品缺乏新意，最终减少消费者的选择。
46．The Aswan Dam, for example，stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left - all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.
结构分析：句子主干是The Aswan Dam, ?stopped the Nile flooding?but?
有插入语。for example是个插入结构，不是句子的主要成分。but后面省略了the Aswan Dam。注意so?that?结构，是“如此??以至于”的意思。
译文：以阿斯旺大坝为例，它挡住了尼罗河的洪水，但也使埃及失去了洪水冲积的肥沃土壤，换回来的却是一个病态的大水库。现在水库积满泥沙，几乎不能用于发电了。
47．The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend.
结构分析：句子主干是The trouble is that?is due to?, and so is not?the trouble is that?是表语从句结构。后一个that引导的是修饰rebound的定语从句。
译文：问题在于，近期的增长在一定程度上，是由于商业运作周期涨落的结果。因此，还不能得出经济已经呈现复苏态势这一结论。
48．New ways of organizing the workplace all that reengineering and downsizing - are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training.
结构分析：句子主干是New ways of?workplace?are only one contribution to?, which is?, and?
两个破折号中间的成分为插入结构，可以视为括号里面的内容。Such as后面的内容是对many other factors的列举。在阅读的时候基本可以跳过不看，除非后面有细节题考查这里的内容。
译文：组织工作场所的新方法包括机构重组和缩小规模,这些只是促进某个经济实体的综合生产率提高的一项措施，还有其他许多因素可以促进生产率的提高，比如对机械设备的联合投资、采用新技术、对教育培训投资等。
49．His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied reengineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long term profitability.
结构分析：句子主干是His colleague,?, says，that? 引导的是宾语从句, chopping out costs without giving sufficient?是现在分词短语结构做状语。without后面要跟动名词giving。
译文：他的同事迈克尔?比尔说，为数众多的公司以简单机械的方式进行结构重组，降低了成本，但却未能充分考虑长期赢利。
50. Levi Strauss persuaded the court that, by selling its jeans cheaply alongside soap powder and bananas, Tesco was destroying the image and so the value of its brands--which could only lead to less innovation and, in the long run, would reduce consumer choice.
结构分析：that之后是一个宾语从句；by之后的动名词来做宾语从句的状语；宾语从句中which又引导了一个非限制性定语从句。
译文：利维.斯特劳斯公司使法庭相信特易购把利维牛仔服与皂粉，香蕉等放在一起廉价销售这一做法使其形象受损，品牌价值也因此受到了影响，这势必会使产品缺乏新意，最终减少消费者的选择。
51．Minority youths arrested on violent felony charges in California are more than twice as likely as their white counterparts to be transferred out of the juvenile-justice system and tried as adults, according to a study released last week