发布时间 : 星期三 文章正式B5 高精密激光切割技术的应用研究陈文敬 - 图文更新完毕开始阅读54e1d49b168884868662d6de
高精密激光切割技术的应用研究
Application research of High-precision
laser cutting technology
摘要
激光切割是利用激光束聚焦形成的高功率密度的光斑，将材料快速加热至汽化温度，将材料去除，从而获得所需要的图案和切缝的加工方法。由于功率密度与光束截面直径的平方成反比，而焦点处的直径最小，因而功率密度最高。为了获得高质量的切缝，就要精确确定焦点的位置。激光切割机的对焦系统的研究对提高机床的加工精度和提高加工质量具有重要的现实意义。
本文在激光束聚集理论的基础上，分析了激光光路系统的结构和聚焦系统的功能。针对CLS2000型激光切割机现有的调焦系统不能准确确定焦点位置的缺点，提出并设计了一套以自准式直望远镜为主要部件的几何光学对焦系统。
将对焦装置切入现有机床的光路系统，组成新的对焦系统，通过试验验证了系统的可行性。比较了采用此对焦系统和采用其它常用方法对焦点位置进行检测的准确性。
关键字：激光切割 对焦系统 焦点位置 CLS2000
Abstract
Laser cutting is technology using a spot with high power and density formed by focused laser beam.During the carving or cutting the material is heated rapidly to thevaporization temperature,and wipes off by assistant air,then make the beam ormaterial moving and gain the pattern or narrow kerf.As the power density is inversely proportional to the square of the diameter of the laser beam and the diameter of focusis the smallest,therefore the power density is the highest.In order to obtainhigh-quality kerf,it is necessary to assure the accurate location of the focus.The study of the focusing system of Laser carving and cutting machine has great realistic significance to improve the process accuracy and the process quality of the machine.
This paper analyses the structure of laser optical system and the function offocusing system.Against the shortcomings that the existing focusing system of CLS2000 laser carving and cutting machine could not determine the location of the focus accurately,a geometrical optics system contains an auto collimating telescopewas raised and designed.
The focusing device is installed into the optical system and forms a new focusing system,the feasibility was proved by experiments.And the accuracy by using this focusing system and other common methods to detect the position of the focus was compared.
Keywords: Laser cutting Focalizing system Focus position
CLS2000
目 录
第一章 绪论 .................................................................................................. 1
1.1前言 ................................................................................................... 1 1. 2激光切割技术的应用和优越性 ...................................................... 2 1. 3激光切割技术的特点 ...................................................................... 3 1. 4激光切割技术的现状和发展趋势 .................................................. 4 1.4.1激光切割技术的现状 .................................................................... 4 1.4.2激光切割技术的发展趋势 ............................................................ 7 1.5课题背景和意义 ............................................................................... 8 第二章 激光切割机的聚焦系统研究 ............................................................. 9
2. 1激光切割机系统构成 ...................................................................... 9 2.2激光光束聚焦理论 ......................................................................... 10 2.3光学聚焦理论分析 ......................................................................... 15 2.3.1反射镜 .......................................................................................... 16 2.3.2聚焦透镜 ...................................................................................... 16 2.4聚焦功率密度 ................................................................................. 17 第三章 激光切割机对焦技术研究和装置设计 ......................................... 19
3.1对焦方法 ......................................................................................... 19 3.2望远镜法对焦 ................................................................................. 20 3.2.1自准原理 ...................................................................................... 20 3.2.2自准式直望远镜 .......................................................................... 21 3.2.3自准式直望远镜测量的凸透镜焦距 .......................................... 22 3.2.4 CLS2000激光切割机 .................................................................. 24 3.3激光切割机对焦装置的设计 ......................................................... 26 3.3.1阿贝自准式直望远镜 .................................................................. 27 3.3.2反射镜调整架的设计 .................................................................. 28 3.3.3高度调节装置 .............................................................................. 30 3.3.4望远镜支撑装置 .......................................................................... 30 第四章 对焦试验及分析 ............................................................................... 31
4.1对焦装置的光路调节 ..................................................................... 31 4.1.1望远镜的调节 .............................................................................. 31 4.1.2激光光轴垂直于望远镜光轴 ...................................................... 32 4.2焦点位置测试 ................................................................................. 32 4.2.1斜板法定位 .................................................................................. 33 4.2.2扫描法定位 .................................................................................. 34
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