发布时间 : 星期一 文章语言学精要更新完毕开始阅读54ea9f1652d380eb62946d80
一、核心提示 二、概念定义 Morpheme…. Loanshift…. 三、理解简答
1. What does morphology study? 形态学研究的是什么？
2. What are, with examples, the various types of morpheme used in English?
英语中有哪些所用语素？举例子说明。
3. What are the main inflectional affixes in English? What grammatical meaning do they convey?
英语中有哪些主要屈折词缀？它们表达什么语法意义？ 4. Can you find out the meaning of the following roots in English and give two or three words that contain each of them？
能否指出下列英语词根的含义并分别举出两三个包含这些词根的单词？
5. What are the morphological rules that govern the use of the given derivational affixes?
所给屈折词缀的用法的形态学规则是哪些？ 6. What is collocation? 什么是搭配？
7. What are the main features of the English compounds? 英语复合词的主要特征是什么？
8. How to explain the formation and meaning of the following compounds？
如何解释所给复合词的构成及意思？
9. How to understand word/lexicon/lexeme/vocabulary respectively?
如何理解字词/词语/义素/词汇量？
10. Can you give the percentage of function words in this paragraph?
能否给出这段话中功能词的百分比？
11． Determine the original term from which the following words were back – formed.
根据下列的逆构词确定其最初的形式。 12. How do you classify the following words? 如何将下列外来词语进行分类？
13．Can you identify the immediate etymological source of the following words?
能否确定下列词语的直接语源？
Chapter Four: Semantics 第四章：语义
一、核心提示 二、概念定义 Semantics….. Sense…..
三、理解简答
1. What is sense and what is reference? How are they related? 什么是意思？什么是所指？它们之间有什么联系？ 2. How many kinds of meanings did linguists find and study? 语言学家发现并研究哪几种意义？
3. How to understand the difference between meaning, concept, connotation and denotation?
如何理解意义，概念，内涵，外延等相互间的区别？ 4. What are the major types of synonyms in English? 英语中的几种主要同义关系是什么？
5. What is Homonymy, polysemy and hyponymy? Provide with examples.
什么是同形异义，一词多义，及上下义关系？举例说明。 6. How can words opposite in meaning be classified? To which category does each of the following pairs of antonyms belong?
意义相反的词是如何分类的？下列反义词属于哪一类？
7. What are the relations between the following pairs of sentences?
下列几组句子间的关系是什么？
8. In what way is componential analysis similar to the analysis of phonemes into distinctive features?
成分分析和把音位分析为区别性特征有何相似之处？
19 What is grammaticality? What might make a grammatically meaningful sentence semantically meaningless?
什么是语法性？一个语法上有意义的句子可能由于什么而变得在语义上毫无意义？
10. What is predication analysis? Try to analyze the following sentences in terms of predication analysis
什么是述谓结构？试用述谓结构分析法分析所给句子。 11. What is Conceptualist View? 什么是意念论？
12. What is Contextualism? 什么是语境理论？ 13. What is Behaviorism? 什么是行为主义论？ 14. What is Hyponymy? 什么下义关系？
15. What is Semantic Triangle? 什么是语义三角
16. How do you analyze each of the underlined constructions or word groups do the following?
如何分析下列划线的结构体和词组？
17. What are sense relations between sentences? 句子间的意思关系有哪些？
Chapter Five: Syntax 第五章 语序
一、核心提示 二、概念定义
Syntax….. Cohesion…. 三、理解简答
1. What is hierarchical structure? 什么是层次结构？
2. What are phrase structure rules? 什么是短语结构规则？ 3. . What is Universal Grammar? 什么是普遍语法? 4. What is X-bar Theory? 什么是爱克斯标杆理论？
5. What is a simple, coordinate, or complex sentence? Try to make use of the sentences offered to analyze.
什么是简单句、并列句，复合句 ？利用所给句子分析 6. How to describe syntactic structure (constituents) by using, with examples, tree diagrams?
如何使用树形图并通过句子来描述其成分结构？ 7. How to reveal with examples given, the differences in sentential meanings by drawing a tree diagram?
如何用结构树形图画出句子中的意义关系区别？ 8. What is Immediate Analysis? Try to disambiguate the sentences below by using the method.
什么是直接成分分析法? 试用该方法解析下列句子的歧义。
9. Can you explain the main characteristics of subjects in English?
能否解释英语中主语的主要特征？
10. What is the D-structure for each of the sentences given?
所给句子的深层结构是什么？
11. How do syntactic rules account for the ambiguity of sentences?
句法规则是如何解释句子的模糊性？
12. How to demonstrate the Recursive Properties？