发布时间 : 星期六 文章公共管理英语各单元全文翻译更新完毕开始阅读55ac54e1680203d8ce2f24b6
Last October, Beijing held an exhibition on the overall city planning. During holidays and weekends, the 3000-square-meter hall received about 1500 people each day. \ to be so interested in city planning,\ Beijing Municipal City Planning Committee.
Many visitors filled thick suggestion books with feedback, providing constructive ideas, such as building another world trade center in the north; retaining保留 the lay-out展示 of the narrow alleys小巷 and the courtyard homes; and informing citizens on city construction projects on time. The exhibition organizers then sorted the suggestions and delivered them to the decision-making departments.
\rmination to promote the opening up of administration affairs, and this is a significant development,\
Zhou Chang, Secretary general of the China Architectural Society, agreed. \ings greatly, as major decisions will go through the approval of experts, the suggestions of citizens and the supervision监督 of the media,\
Shan Qixiang, director of the Beijing Municipal City Planning Committee, said the opinions of both experts and the masses will be pooled together把??汇聚在一起 before a decision on any important plans for urban construction are reached.
(Source: The article was written by Wu Cong Wen, Beijing Review, May 30, 2002) 开放城市计划
在过去的两年内，北京、上海和天津制定公布了它们的城市建设计划，和他们以往不公开的工作方式不同。工程检验和批准的程序和时间表、法律和规章制度、有关计划的科技索引现在也同样公诸于世，引起了市民的极大热情。
去年十月，北京举行了一个关于所有城市计划的展览。在假日和周末期间，3000平方米的展览大厅每天要接待大约1500名参观者。“我们没有料到有如此多的市民对城市计划如此感兴趣。”北京市城市计划委员会成员邱悦说。
许多参观者在厚厚的建议簿上写满了他们的反馈，提供建设性的创意，例如在北部建另外一座世界贸易中心、保留狭窄小巷和庭院式住宅的规划、及时通知市民城市建设计划。然后展览组织者把这些建议分类并且送到了决议制定部门。
“将城市计划面向大众显示了政府促进开放式行政管理的果断决心，这是一个重大的进步。”一个参观者说。
周畅，中国建筑协会的总会长，赞同以上说法。“开放城市计划进程可以极大地改善事态，因为主要的决定将接受专家的正式批准、市民的建议和媒体的监督。”他说。
单奇翔，北京市城市计划委员会主任，说专家和公众的看法在每一个关于城市建设的重要计划达成一致以前都将汇集起来。
Unit 2
Why Public Management Reform?
Public management reform is usually thought of as a means to an end手段, not an end . To be more precise we should perhaps say that it potentially a means to multiple ends. These include making saving (economies) in public expenditure, improving the quality if public services, making the operation of government more efficient and increasing the chances that the policies which are chosen and implemented will be effective. On the way to achieving these important objectives, public management reform may also serve a number of intermediate ends, including those of strengthening the control of politicians over the bureaucracy官僚作风/机构, public officials bureaucratic constrains官僚式约束 which inhibit限制 their opportunities to manage and enhance the government's accountability有责任 to the legislature立法机构 and the citizenry市民 for its policies and programs. Last but not least最后, one should mention the symbolic and legitimacy合法，合理 benefits of management reform. For politicians these benefits consist partly of being seem to be doing something. Announcing reforms, criticizing bureaucracy, praising new management techniques, promising improved services for the future, 改组部门 and agencies-all these activities help to attract favorable attention to the politicians who espouse信奉 them. A cynic愤世嫉俗者 might observe that, in these days when the power of individual governments to act independently is increasingly called into questions by a complex interplay相互影响 of local, national and international constrains, the one thing that ministers usually can do--with the appearance of dynamism but at little immediate
直接的 cost--is to announce changes in their own machinery of governance. 公共管理改革通常被认为是一个结束的方式，并不是它本身要结束。更准确地说，也许我们应该说潜在地它是多样化结束的一个方式。这些包括节省公众支出、提高公共服务质量、使政府运作更加高效、增加被选择和被执行的政策会有效的机遇。在实现这些重要目标的征途上，公共管理改革也许会帮助实现许多中间的结果，包括那些增强政治家对于官僚机构的控制管理、从官僚制度的抑制中解除公共官员，由于政策和纲要这种约束抑制了他们管理和增强政府对于立法机关和市民的责任的机会。最后，应该提一下管理改革的象征性的和合法的利益。对于政治家来说，这些利益部分地由好象做点什么事情组成。宣布改革、责备官僚作风、赞扬新的管理方式、允诺为将来的改良的服务、调整部门和机构。对于支持这些的政治家来说，所有这些活动都有益于吸引赞扬的目光。一个愤世嫉俗的人也许会注意到在那些当个人独裁政府的权力显示出独立姿态的日子里，问题总是被一个由当地的、国家的和国际的约束组成的并且相互影响的复杂体不断持续地创造出来。大臣们通常能做的一件事情是用他们自己的国家管辖机器，以物力论的姿态但极少的直接成本来宣布变革。
There are also legitimacy benefits for those senior officials who, almost invariably不变地, shaping and implementing such initiatives革新. They may gain in reputation by association with \nd \使简化\对于那些几乎总是在对于主动的整修和执行中起着重要作用的高级官员来说也有其合法的利益。通过和“现代化的”和“流线型的”活动相结合，他们可能得到名望。
If management reform really does produce 约型、高效的 government, with higher-quality services and more effective programs, and if it will simultaneously同时地 enhance political control, free丰富的 manag